Exploring the effects of SPOC-based blended learning on students’ learning performance at higher vocational education

Higher vocational education has been on a trajectory of rapid development. However, the challenge of fostering effective learning in students persists. In response to this, a study was undertaken to explore the impact of an optimized model of SPOC-based blended learning (SPOC-BL) on student presence, learning satisfaction, learning motivation, and academic performance in C language programming course. This quasi-experimental study spanned a period of three months and involved 92 students from two classes in a higher vocational school. Quantitative research methods were employed to analyze students’ academic performance and their interrelationship among student presence, learning satisfaction, learning motivation in SPOC-BL approach. Analysis of Covariance, paired samples t-tests, and multiple regression analysis were conducted to analyze students’ performance on achievement tests and student surveys. The results showed substantial improvements in student presence, learning motivation, learning satisfaction, and academic achievement as direct outcomes of the innovative instructional approach. The findings illuminated significant effects for all factors, with student presence exerting the most significant influence, followed closely by learning motivation, and with learning satisfaction playing a smaller yet still meaningful role. The study will inform the design and implementation of blended learning in higher vocational education

Academic achievement · Blended Learning · Educational technology · Higher education · Mathematics education · Pedagogy · Vocational education · Online and Blended Learning · Online Learning and Analytics · Psychology · Technology-Enhanced Education Studies

• Enhancing anesthesia monitoring training

  Open Access•Ali Khalafi1, Danial Moradi et al.•BMC Medical Education•2026

  Incluir item

• A cross-sectional study of teachers’ and students’ preferences for educational methods in the post-Covid-19 era

  Open Access•Elham Akbari•Frontiers in Education•2025

  Incluir item

• A study of student satisfaction in a blended e-learning system environment

  Open Access•Jen‐her Wu, Jen-Her Wu et al.•Computers & Education•2010

  Incluir item

• Critical Inquiry in a Text-Based Environment

  Open Access•D Randy Garrison, Terry Anderson et al.•The Internet and Higher Education•1999

  Incluir item

• Learning presence

  Open Access•PETER SHEA, Temi Bidjerano•Computers & Education•2010

  Incluir item

• Exploring causal relationships among teaching, cognitive and social presence

  Open Access•D Randy Garrison, Martha Cleveland‐inne et al.•The Internet and Higher Education•2010

  Incluir item

• Strengthening dialogic peer feedback aiming for deep learning in SPOCs

  Open Access•Renée M Filius, Renske A M De Kleijn et al.•Computers & Education•2018

  Incluir item

• A framework for institutional adoption and implementation of blended learning in higher education

  Charles R Graham, Wendy Woodfield et al.•The Internet and Higher Education•2013

  Incluir item

• The first decade of the community of inquiry framework

  Open Access•D Randy Garrison, Terry Anderson et al.•The Internet and Higher Education•2010

  Incluir item

• Motivational and self-regulated learning components of classroom academic performance.

  Paul R Pintrich, Elisabeth Vialpando De Groot•Journal of Educational Psychology•1990

  Incluir item

• Investigating blended learning interactions in Philippine schools through the community of inquiry framework

  Open Access•Juliet Aleta R Villanueva, Petrea Redmond et al.•Asia Pacific Education Review•2024

  Incluir item

• Educational Experience and Instructional Design Effectiveness Within the Community of Inquiry Framework

  Open Access•Emerald Wilson, Zane L Berge•The International Review of…•2023

  Incluir item

• The effects of online and blended experience on outcomes in a blended learning environment

  Open Access•Carlos J Asarta, James R Schmidt•The Internet and Higher Education•2020

  Incluir item

• Factors influencing EFL teachers’ implementation of SPOC-based blended learning in higher vocational colleges in China

  Open Access•Liping Jiang•Interactive Learning Environments•2024

  Incluir item

• Identifying key factors affecting college students’ adoption of the e-learning system in mandatory blended learning environments

  Zhaoli Zhang, Taihe Cao et al.•Interactive Learning Environments•2022

  Incluir item

• Using revised community of inquiry framework to scaffold Mooc-based flipped learning

  Kai Wang, Chang Zhu et al.•Interactive Learning Environments•2023

  Incluir item

• The effect of online vs. blended learning in developing English language skills by nursing student

  Hossein Moradimokhles, Gwo-Jen Hwang•Interactive Learning Environments•2022

  Incluir item

• Fostering the use of online learning resources

  Luis Ramírez-Donoso, Mar Pérez‐Sanagustín et al.•Interactive Learning Environments•2023

  Incluir item

• Challenges in the online component of blended learning

  Open Access•Rasheed Abubakar Rasheed, Amirrudin Kamsin et al.•Computers & Education•2020

  Incluir item

• Contrasting levels of student engagement in blended and non-blended learning scenarios

  Open Access•Felipe de Brito Lima, Síntria Labres Lautert et al.•Computers & Education•2021

  Incluir item

• The Community of Inquiry perspective on students' social presence, cognitive presence, and academic performance in online project‐based learning

  Open Access•Pengyue Guo, Nadira Saab et al.•Journal of Computer Assisted…•2021

  Incluir item

• Blended learning performance influence mechanism based on community of inquiry

  Bin Yin, Chih-Hung Yuan•Asia Pacific Journal of Education•2024

  Incluir item

• Using the TPACK framework to unite disciplines in online learning

  Open Access•Alan Anderson, Nicholas Barham et al.•Australasian Journal of…•2013

  Incluir item

• Online learning experiences of new versus continuing learners

  Nai Li, Vicky Marsh et al.•Assessment & Evaluation in Higher…•2017

  Incluir item

• Effectiveness of online presence in a blended higher learning environment in the Pacific

  Bibhya Sharma, Ravneil Nand et al.•Studies in Higher Education•2020

  Incluir item

• Motivation

  Open Access•Graham Crookes, Richard W Schmidt et al.•Language Learning•1991

  Incluir item

• University performance evaluations

  Rowan E Bedggood, Rowan Bedggood et al.•Studies in Higher Education•2012

  Incluir item