Racial Disparities in Family Income, Assets, and Liabilities
A Century After the 1921 Tulsa Massacre
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 21635883 |
|---|---|
| Authors | William Darity (0000-0003-1358-9101, Duke University), William A Darity, Raffi E García (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute), Lauren Russell (0000-0002-6510-0462, Harvard University Press), Jorge N Zumaeta (0000-0002-8202-2849, Florida International University, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2024 |
| Volume | 45 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 256-275 |
| Publication date | 2024-06-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Family and Economic Issues (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 1058-0476 • E-ISSN: 1573-3475 |
| Publisher | Springer Science and Business Media LLC (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1007/s10834-023-09938-4 |
| OpenAlex | W4388337095 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 2 |
| References cited | 40 |
This paper examines the financial health of racial-ethnic groups in Tulsa, Oklahoma, nearly a century after the 1921 Tulsa Massacre. We use data from the Tulsa National Asset Scorecard for Communities of Color (NASCC) survey to assess the financial health of two demographic groups that were historically the victims of racial violence - Native Americans and Black Americans. Specifically, we investigate financial outcomes a century after these groups made significant economic gains during the Tulsa oil boom in the early 1900 s and were subsequently victimized by racial violence. We find that Black households have statistically significantly less wealth and income than Whites in Tulsa. Our decomposition analysis shows household demographic differences between Blacks and Whites largely do not explain these wealth and income gaps, suggestive of historical discrimination. While in the case of the Native American tribes and Whites, the findings generally show no statistical significance. Compared to other NASCC-surveyed cities that did not experience destruction to the level of the Tulsa Massacre, the Black-White wealth and income gaps and the unexplained portion of the decompositions are the largest in Tulsa. Our results provisionally suggest that past exposure to racial violence can have long-term effects on the economic outcomes of the affected groups decades later
Demographic economics · Economics · Ethnic group · Geography · Political science · Socioeconomics · Sociology · Demography · Employment and Welfare Studies · Gender Studies · Global Health Care Issues · Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies
Blood struggle
Black wealth, white wealth
Components of a Difference Between Two Rates
School Quality and Black-White Relative Earnings
Male-Female Wage Differentials in Urban Labor Markets
Wage Discrimination
The nations within
A Final Promise
Putting the Husband Through
Race and Economic Opportunity in the Twenty-First Century
Social Order and Political Change
The Evolution of the Termination Policy
Family Connections and the Black-White Wealth Gap among Middle-Class Families
Can ‘Baby Bonds’ Eliminate the Racial Wealth Gap in Putative Post-Racial America
The Economic Aftermath of the 1960s Riots in American Cities
Death in a Promised Land
Termination and Relocation
Oklahoma
The Persistence of Historical Racial Violence and Political Suppression
Documents of the United States Indian Policy
Marriage and Divorce
American Indians
Intergenerational Transfers and the Accumulation of Wealth
The Invasion of Indian Country in the Twentieth Century
The role of race, ethnicity and tribal enrolment on asset accumulation
The Destruction of Black Wall Street
Decolonizing Methodologies
Official Frames and the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921
| Unique citing works | 2 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 1 |
| Citation span | 2024 - 2026 (3) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 2 |