Do you feel safe with your robot? Factors influencing perceived safety in human-robot interaction based on subjective and objective measures

Dados Bibliográficos

ID21642423
AutoresNeziha Akalın (0000-0001-6168-0706, Örebro University, autor correspondente), Neziha Akalin, Annica Kristoffersson (0000-0002-4368-4751, Mälardalen University), Amy Loutfi (0000-0002-3122-693X, Örebro University)
Ano2022
Volume158
Páginas102744
Data de publicação2022-02-01
Peer ReviewedSim
Open AccessSim
TipoARTICLE
PeriódicoInternational Journal of Human-Computer Studies (JOURNAL)
Identificadores do periódicoISSN: 1071-5819 • E-ISSN: 1095-9300
EditoraElsevier BV (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1016/j.ijhcs.2021.102744
OpenAlexW3207144782
IdiomaEN
Citações recebidas17
Referências citadas39

Safety in human-robot interaction can be divided into physical safety and perceived safety, where the latter is still under-addressed in the literature. Investigating perceived safety in human-robot interaction requires a multidisciplinary perspective. Indeed, perceived safety is often considered as being associated with several common factors studied in other disciplines, i.e., comfort, predictability, sense of control, and trust. In this paper, we investigated the relationship between these factors and perceived safety in human-robot interaction using subjective and objective measures. We conducted a two-by-five mixed-subjects design experiment. There were two between-subjects conditions: the faulty robot was experienced at the beginning or the end of the interaction. The five within-subjects conditions correspond to (1) baseline, and the manipulations of robot behaviors to stimulate: (2) discomfort, (3) decreased perceived safety, (4) decreased sense of control and (5) distrust. The idea of triggering a deprivation of these factors was motivated by the definition of safety in the literature where safety is often defined by the absence of it. Twenty-seven young adult participants took part in the experiments. Participants were asked to answer questionnaires that measure the manipulated factors after within-subjects conditions. Besides questionnaire data, we collected objective measures such as videos and physiological data. The questionnaire results show a correlation between comfort, sense of control, trust, and perceived safety. Since these factors are the main factors that influence perceived safety, they should be considered in human-robot interaction design decisions. We also discuss the effect of individual human characteristics (such as personality and gender) that they could be predictors of perceived safety. We used the physiological signal data and facial affect from videos for estimating perceived safety where participants’ subjective ratings were utilized as labels. The data from objective measures revealed that the prediction rate was higher from physiological signal data. This paper can play an important role in the goal of better understanding perceived safety in human-robot interaction

Cognitive psychology · Distrust · Human–robot interaction · Personality · Robot · Applied Psychology · Communication · Computer Science · Human-Automation Interaction and Safety · Occupational Health and Safety Research · Psychology · Safety Warnings and Signage · Social Psychology · Artificial Intelligence