Using Latent Profile Analysis to Characterize Clinical Heterogeneity and Impulsivity in a Large Residential Addiction Treatment Program

Bibliographic Data

ID21645069
AuthorsMarie N S Gendy (McMaster University), Marie Gendy (Homewood Research Institute, corresponding author), Shannon Remers (0000-0002-7565-1743, Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, Canada), Andriy V Samokhvalov (0000-0001-6091-3045, McMaster University), Sarah Sousa (0000-0003-3461-8987, Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, Canada), Benjamin Rush (0000-0002-9289-6072, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health), Brian Rush (Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, Canada), Mary Jean Costello (0000-0002-3998-7514, Homewood Research Institute), Jean Costello (Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, Canada), James Mackillop (0000-0002-8695-1071, McMaster University)
Year2024
Volume59
Issue12
Pages1673-1682
Publication date2024-10-14
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueSubstance Use & Misuse (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1082-6084 • E-ISSN: 1532-2491
PublisherInforma UK Limited (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1080/10826084.2024.2352604
PMID39086209
OpenAlexW4401229342
LanguageEN
References cited63

Objectives: Clinical heterogeneity among patients in addiction treatment settings represents a challenge as most of the treatment programs are designed to treat substance use disorders (SUD) generally rather than offering more tailored approaches addressing individual patient needs. Systematic characterization of clinical heterogeneity may permit more individualized care paths toward improving outcomes. Methods: Data were collected from a large inpatient SUD treatment program between April 2018 and March 2020 (n = 1519). Latent profile analysis (LPA) was applied to identify latent clusters based on differences in substance use and co-occurring depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Results: Five distinct profiles emerged: Profile 1 (38%) exhibited the lowest substance use and lowest psychiatric severity (Overall Low); Profile 2 (39%) exhibited high alcohol and psychiatric severity; Profile 3 (13%) exhibited high opioid severity and low psychiatric severity. Profile 4 (8%) exhibited high cannabis use and high psychiatric severity, and profile 5 (3%) exhibited high polysubstance use other than alcohol and cannabis use. The latter two profiles were younger and exhibited higher self-regulatory deficits. The (High Alc/high psych) and the (High Cann/Psych) profiles exhibited differentially higher psychiatric severity. Profiles showing high polysubstance use, as well as high cannabis use and high psychiatric severity, showed significantly higher impulsive behavior than the others. Conclusions: LPA revealed five clusters of patients varying substantially in terms of SUD and psychiatric severity. Addressing common features of clinical heterogeneity for tailored care paths in a personalized treatment approach may improve treatment outcomes

Addiction · Addictive behavior · Impulsivity · Psychiatry · Advanced Causal Inference Techniques · Clinical Psychology · Mental Health Research Topics · Psychology · Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes

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