Betel Quid Addiction
A Review of Its Addiction Mechanisms and Pharmacological Management as an Emerging Modality for Habit Cessation
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 21645658 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Sumali Randhini Sumithrarachchi (University of Peradeniya), Sumali Sumithrarachchi (0000-0003-3748-9885, University of Peradeniya, corresponding author), Ruwan Jayasinghe (0000-0002-8054-4301, University of Peradeniya), Saman Warnakulasuriya (0000-0003-2103-0746, King's College London) |
| Year | 2021 |
| Volume | 56 |
| Issue | 13 |
| Pages | 2017-2025 |
| Publication date | 2021-11-10 |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Substance Use & Misuse (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 1082-6084 • E-ISSN: 1532-2491 |
| Publisher | Informa UK Limited (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1080/10826084.2021.1963990 |
| PMID | 34396897 |
| OpenAlex | W3193710897 |
| Language | EN |
| References cited | 64 |
Background: Areca-nut (AN) and added smokeless-tobacco (SLT) are considered agents that may cause addiction to betel-quid (BQ). However, the primary addictive substance in AN is not clearly understood. Objective: The present review evaluates possible addictive chemicals in AN with their mechanisms of action for progression to BQ dependence, as it is essential to overcome barriers in BQ cessation. It also identifies innovative treatment modalities in BQ cessation including the scope for research on pharmacotherapy using Monoamine-oxidase Inhibitors, Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors and Norepinephrine Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors. Methods: This is a narrative review on addictive properties of BQ and trials undertaken to promote cessation of SLT or AN use. Results: Twenty interventional studies, three by behavioral therapy and seventeen using pharmacotherapy were reviewed. There was heterogeneity in reported follow up times, most studies reporting data at 12 weeks with abstinence rates of 45–55% for SLT cessation and at 8 weeks with abstinence rates around 35% for AN cessation. Conclusion: Even though literature reveals a few cessation programs through behavioral support for BQ addiction, its success has been limited in certain instances mainly due to addictive properties of AN, resulting in withdrawal and relapse. Hence, in line with pharmacotherapy in tobacco smoking cessation, potential pharmacological agents to assist in cessation of SLT and AN require more attention. Several clinical trials for SLT cessation have been carried out with varying levels of success using Nicotine Replacement Therapy and Varenicline while trials on antidepressants for SLT and AN cessation are also emerging
Abstinence · Addiction · Bupropion · Nicotine · Nicotine replacement therapy · Pharmacotherapy · Psychiatry · Relapse prevention · Smoking cessation · Varenicline · Medicine · Nail Diseases and Treatments · Oral Health Pathology and Treatment · Respiratory and Cough-Related Research
Global epidemiology of areca nut usage
Nicotine Addiction
Betel Quid, Health, and Addiction
Altered Brain Functional Connectivity in Betel Quid-Dependent Chewers
A Comparison of Sustained-release Bupropion and Placebo for Smokeless Tobacco Cessation
Public Health Implications of Smokeless Tobacco Use as a Harm Reduction Strategy
In search of how people change
| Highly cited | No |
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