Opioid Misuse and Associated Health Risks among Adults on Probation and Parole

Prevalence and Correlates 2015–2020

Bibliographic Data

ID21646367
AuthorsMaria Morrison (0000-0003-4901-0106, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA, corresponding author), Audrey Hang Hai (0000-0003-0385-0281, Tulane University), Yohita Shraddha Bandaru (Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA), Christopher P Salas-Wright (0000-0001-7934-8293, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA), Michael G Vaughn (0009-0003-1189-8610, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA)
Year2024
Volume59
Issue1
Pages20-28
Publication date2024-01-02
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueSubstance Use & Misuse (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1082-6084 • E-ISSN: 1532-2491
PublisherInforma UK Limited (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1080/10826084.2023.2257319
PMID37735916
OpenAlexW4386944894
LanguageEN
Citations received7
References cited43

BACKGROUND: As state legislatures work to reduce prison populations and increase the use of community-based alternatives, limited knowledge exists about the service needs of those under criminal justice supervision in the community. Preliminary research indicates unusually high rates of disease, disability, and death. Health risks for this population include opioid misuse, a form of substance misuse that has reached epidemic proportions in the U.S. Evidence indicates this may be one of multiple epidemics this population experiences, complicating intervention. METHODS: Our study included 5154 individuals on probation or parole. Using 2015-2020 data from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), we conducted a series of logistic regressions examining associations between opioid misuse and a range of health risks, controlling for sociodemographic variables and survey year. RESULTS: Approximately 17% of those on probation or parole indicated past-year opioid misuse, a rate 4 times higher than in the general population. Compared to those on probation and parole who did not misuse opioids, it was associated with higher odds of other health risk behaviors and mental health problems. For example, the odds of marijuana and cocaine use were 4-6 times higher and the odds of substance use disorder were 10 times higher. Similarly, the odds of experiencing major depressive episodes and serious psychological distress were 2-3 times higher. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings reveal a markedly high risk for opioid misuse within this population along with associated risks for behavioral and mental health problems. The complex treatment needs of this population require greater policy attention and further research

Criminology · Environmental health · Logistic regression · Mental health · Odds · Odds ratio · Population · Prison · Psychiatry · Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis · Demography · Medicine · Opioid Use Disorder Treatment · Psychology · Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes

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