Working with artificial intelligence surveillance during the Covid-19 pandemic

This paper examines the interaction effects of social support (supervisor support and coworker support) and AI surveillance on employee job engagement drawing on the social exchange theory. Mixed research methods were applied. Researchers collected 358 valid time-lagged designed questionnaires and tested the model using a path analysis approach. The results revealed that there is a moderated mediation mechanism in relationships between supervisor support/coworker support and job engagement, in which both self-efficacy and self-esteem are mediating variables and AI surveillance plays a moderating role. Specifically, when the degree of job control with AI surveillance is at a low level, the effect of supervisor support/coworker support on employees’ self-efficacy/self-esteem is stronger. The indirect relationship between supervisor support/coworker support and job engagement through self-esteem is moderated by job control with AI surveillance as well, and the indirect relationship becomes stronger when job control with AI surveillance is lower. Findings from a series of semi-structured post-hoc interviews with 18 hotel employees interpretatively support the survey results. This research fills this gap by analyzing relationships among social support, AI surveillance, and job engagement and provides positive suggestions for hotel operation and employee management with AI surveillance during pandemic

Hospitality · Management · Mediation · Organizational commitment · Perceived organizational support · Political science · Social support · Sociology · Supervisor · Tourism · Applied Psychology · COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts · Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion · Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior · Psychology · Social Psychology

• AI colleagues

  Open Access•Tong Wang, Eugene Cheng-Xi Aw et al.•Current Issues in Tourism•2025

  Incluir item

• AI and sustainable tourism

  Open Access•Stefan Gößling, Xiang Ying Mei•Current Issues in Tourism•2025

  Incluir item

• AI and the future of talent management in tourism and hospitality

  Open Access•Georges El Hajal, Ian Yeoman•Current Issues in Tourism•2024

  Incluir item

• Organization-Based Self-Esteem

  J L Pierce, D G Gardner et al.•Academy of Management Journal•1989

  Incluir item

• The role of personal resources in the job demands-resources model.

  Despoina Xanthopoulou, Arnold B Bakker et al.•International Journal of Stress…•2007

  Incluir item

• Toward a Further Understanding of the Relationships Between Perceptions of Support and Work Attitudes

  Open Access•Thomas W H Ng, Kelly L Sorensen•Group & Organization Management•2008

  Incluir item

• Effects of Covid-19 on hotel marketing and management

  Open Access•Yangyang Jiang, Jun Wen•International Journal of…•2020

  Incluir item

• Self-Esteem Within the Work and Organizational Context

  Open Access•Jon L Pierce, Donald G Gardner•Journal of Management•2004

  Incluir item

• Job Engagement

  Bruce Louis Rich, Jeffery A LePine et al.•Academy of Management Journal•2010

  Incluir item

• Do peers make the place? Conceptual synthesis and meta-analysis of coworker effects on perceptions, attitudes, OCBs, and performance.

  Dan S Chiaburu, David A Harrison•Journal of Applied Psychology•2008

  Incluir item

• Affective commitment to the organization

  Linda Rhoades, Robert Eisenberger et al.•Journal of Applied Psychology•2001

  Incluir item

• Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement

  Open Access•Alan M Saks, Jamie A Gruman•Journal of Managerial Psychology•2006

  Incluir item

• Core Self-Evaluations and Job and Life Satisfaction

  Timothy A Judge, Joyce E Bono et al.•Journal of Applied Psychology•2005

  Incluir item

• Smart Technology, Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Algorithms (STARA)

  Open Access•David Brougham, J Haar•Journal of Management &…•2018

  Incluir item

• Relationship of core self-evaluations traits—self-esteem, generalized self-efficacy, locus of control, and emotional stability—with job satisfaction and job performance

  Timothy A Judge, Joyce E Bono•Journal of Applied Psychology•2001

  Incluir item

• Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models

  Open Access•Kristopher J Preacher, Andrew F Hayes•Behavior Research Methods•2008

  Incluir item

• Perceived organizational support

  Linda Rhoades, Robert Eisenberger•Journal of Applied Psychology•2002

  Incluir item

• The Measurement of Work Engagement With a Short Questionnaire

  Open Access•Wilmar B Schaufeli, Arnold B Bakker et al.•Educational and Psychological…•2006

  Incluir item

• Addressing Moderated Mediation Hypotheses

  Kristopher J Preacher, Derek D Rucker et al.•Multivariate Behavioral Research•2007

  Incluir item

• Self-efficacy and work performance

  Open Access•Guixian Tian, Jian Wang et al.•Social Behavior and Personality…•2019

  Incluir item

• Who's Watching Us at Work? Toward a Structural?Perceptual Model of Electronic Monitoring and Surveillance in Organizations

  Open Access•Scott C Durso•Communication Theory•2006

  Incluir item

• The Contexts of Control

  Karen Levy, Karen E C Levy•The Information Society•2015

  Incluir item

• Does a cute artificial intelligence assistant soften the blow? The impact of cuteness on customer tolerance of assistant service failure

  Open Access•Xingyang Lv, Yue Liu et al.•Annals of Tourism Research•2021

  Incluir item

• Exchange and power in social life

  Peter Michael Blau•Exchange and power in social life•1986

  Incluir item

• Social and Psychological Resources and Adaptation

  Open Access•Stevan E Hobfoll•Review of General Psychology•2002

  Incluir item

• The Norm of Reciprocity

  Alvin W Gouldner•American Sociological Review•1960

  Incluir item

• Flexible Coding of In-depth Interviews

  Open Access•Nicole M Deterding, Mary C Waters•Sociological Methods & Research•2021

  Incluir item