“In-Ger” and “Outer” Diplomacy – Ilkhanid Contacts with the Mongols and the Outside World, 1260-1282
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 21779299 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Na’ama O Arom (Bar-Ilan University, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2020 |
| Volume | 17 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 286-309 |
| Publication date | 2020-04-24 |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Eurasian Studies (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 1722-0750 • E-ISSN: 2468-5623 |
| Publisher | Walter de Gruyter GmbH (PUBLISHER • DE) |
| DOI | 10.1163/24685623-12340077 |
| OpenAlex | W3023960033 |
| Language | EN |
| References cited | 4 |
By arrows and words, a Mongol Khanate was formed in the Middle East – the Il-Khanate, or Hülegü Ulus. Its continuous efforts of further conquests were accompanied by a bitter struggle against the Mongol sister khanate to the north-west – the Golden Horde, or Jochi Ulus. This article analyses the diplomatic activity of the early Il-Khans – Hülegü (1256-65) and Abaqa (1265-82), on two Jochid fronts: the Golden Horde, headed by Berke (1257-67) and his successors, and the Negüdäri forces, also named Qarāʾūnas, who roamed eastern Afghanistan. A further discussion is dedicated to the early Il-Khanid contacts with the western powers – the Mamluk Sultanate and Latin Europe, including an in depth study of Abaqa’s letter of Pope Clemens IV , written in 1268. This analysis outlines two patterns of diplomacy: one “outer”, aimed at the non-Mongol powers, and one “in-ger”, directed towards the Mongol adversaries. Tracking these patterns, the article’s conclusion attempts to define possible ethical “red lines” in the diplomacy of the early Il-Khans
Ancient history · Archaeology · Diplomacy · Geography · Mamluk · Middle East · Political science · Byzantine Studies and History · Eurasian Exchange Networks · Historical and Linguistic Studies · History · Law
| Highly cited | No |
|---|