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An unfinished agenda

Insights from seven country case studies on strengthening primary health care in the Western Pacific Region

Bibliographic Data

ID21878914
AuthorsAlexandra Edelman (0000-0002-2021-5266, Charles Darwin University), Lluis Vinyals Torres (0000-0002-0369-6969, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific), Anis Kazi (World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific), Kumanan Rasanathan (0000-0001-9347-1765, World Health Organization), Rainer Martens (0000-0002-2416-2309, World Health Organization)
Year2025
Volume10
IssueSuppl 2
Pagese017442
Publication date2025-04-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueBMJ Global Health (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 2059-7908 • E-ISSN: 2059-7908
PublisherBMJ (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1136/bmjgh-2024-017442
PMID40174966
OpenAlexW4409087954
LanguageEN
Citations received4
References cited22

In the WHO Western Pacific Region, primary health care (PHC) is considered ‘the future of health’ and the key to achieving universal health coverage. However, political, economic and social forces underlying curative, hospital-centric models have eroded public, local-level health service capacity—contributing to fragmented systems and persisting health inequities. Drawing insights from seven published country case studies from East Asia examining PHC in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper discusses key factors influencing the implementation of PHC. Countries are improving service delivery through a PHC approach, but persisting governance and structural barriers to PHC reform include vertical approaches to health care planning and programme delivery, health workforce shortages and maldistribution, and market forces that have shaped health care and workforce models towards curative care. Three domains for future policy and research to strengthen PHC are proposed. First, managing the political economy of PHC reform requires mapping relationships and systematically unravelling political, social and economic factors shaping accountability, receptiveness and capacity for change. Second, strengthening participatory governance involves shifting power to communities through platforms for shared policy creation and implementation, decentralised governance and empowering community-oriented health workers. Third, improving conceptual clarity and policy guidance on PHC can use the Sustainable Development Goals to orient systems towards preventing illness and valuing good health. The case studies offer a practice model of applied health policy and systems research coproduced with policy stakeholders

Accountability · Business · CLARITY · Corporate governance · Economic growth · Economics · Health care · Political science · Public health · Service delivery framework · Social determinants of health · Workforce · Global Maternal and Child Health · Healthcare Systems and Reforms · Medicine · Nursing · Primary Care and Health Outcomes · Health Policy

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Unique citing works4
Citations per year4
Citation span2025 - 2026 (2)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 4
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