Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Can AI Become Walter Cronkite? Testing the Machine Heuristic, the Hostile Media Effect, and Political News Written by Artificial Intelligence

Bibliographic Data

ID22010609
AuthorsJoo-Wha Hong (0000-0002-6555-3074, Sungkyunkwan University, corresponding author), Ho-Chun Herbert Chang (0000-0002-0056-2527, Dartmouth College), David Tewksbury (0000-0003-0606-9108, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign)
Year2025
Volume13
Issue4
Pages845-868
Publication date2025-04-21
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueDigital Journalism (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 2167-0811 • E-ISSN: 2167-082X
PublisherInforma UK Limited (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1080/21670811.2024.2323000
OpenAlexW4393067364
LanguageEN
Citations received15
References cited66

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) in news writing are ushering in significant changes in journalism. This study examined how the nature of a story’s author (human or news bot journalist) affects how audiences assess a news story and its writer. Applying a Relative Hostile Media perspective, an experiment examined the effect of the ideological distance between news outlets and audiences. Results reveal that people express more positive attitudes—and trust—toward human journalists than toward AI journalists, but they perceive the latter as less biased. Also, story and outlet credibility have a negative relationship with ideological distance from outlets

Heuristic · Political machine · Political science · Politics · Computer Science · Ethics and Social Impacts of AI · Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection · Law · Misinformation and Its Impacts · Artificial Intelligence

  • Apolitical referee or geopolitical actor? How artificial intelligence’s national-origin labels shape credibility in politicized science communication

    Open Access•Junyi Chen, Weixi Zeng et al.•Public Understanding of Science•2026

  • AI-reporters as the future of journalism? Investigating recipients’ credibility evaluations of AI-authored news

    Open Access•Robin Leuppert, Carina Weinmann et al.•Journalism•2025

  • Nationalism meets machine heuristics

    Open Access•Junyi Chen, Weixi Zeng et al.•Technology in Society•2025

  • Does artificial intelligence bias perceptions of environmental challenges

    Open Access•Hamish Van Der Ven, Diego Corry et al.•Environmental Research Letters•2024

  • Constructing the Role of AI in News Production

    Open Access•Nik Norma Nik Hasan, Yinglei He et al.•Journal of Communication,…•2026

  • Who triggers the hostile media effect in the generative AI era? Examining stance congruence, AI and human news writer and actor diversity in China

    Open Access•Shuhuan Zhou•Journalism•2026

  • The Depolarizing Effect of AI Chatbots

    Freddie J Jennings, Marco Dehnert et al.•Journal of Broadcasting &…•2025

  • The Effects of Generative AI in News on Media Credibility and Selectivity

    Open Access•Sebastián Valenzuela, Ingrid Bachmann et al.•Digital Journalism•2026

  • Can AI-Attributed News Challenge Partisan News Selection? Evidence from a Conjoint Experiment

    Open Access•Alon Zoizner, Jörg Matthes et al.•The International Journal of…•2025

  • Integrating Vibe Coding and Flow Theory

    Open Access•Cindy Royal•Journalism & Mass Communication…•2026

  • Their AI Versus Our AI

    Open Access•Yue Wang, Yuan Wang•Science Communication•2026

  • Agents of Discord

    Open Access•Hsiu-Chi Lu, Hsuan‐wei Lee•Social Science Computer Review•2024

  • A new age for (generative) sports reporting

    Open Access•T Franklin Waddell•Journalism•2026

  • Artificial Intelligence in Climate Change Journalism

    Yu Guo, Siyu Xu et al.•Journalism Studies•2026

  • Artificial Intelligence and News

    Open Access•Catarina Feio, Lídia Oliveira•Comunicação e Sociedade•2025

  • Predicting Pluralistic Ignorance

    Open Access•Albert C Gunther, Albert C L G Günther et al.•Journalism & Mass Communication…•2001

  • I, Robot. You, Journalist. Who is the Author?

    Tal Montal, Zvi Reich•Digital Journalism•2017

  • A Robot Wrote This?

    T Franklin Waddell•Digital Journalism•2018

  • Algorithmic Accountability

    Nicholas Diakopoulos•Digital Journalism•2015

  • News cues

    Open Access•Sundar, S Shyam Sundar et al.•Journal of the Association for…•2007

  • Can an Algorithm Reduce the Perceived Bias of News? Testing the Effect of Machine Attribution on News Readers’ Evaluations of Bias, Anthropomorphism, and Credibility

    Open Access•T Franklin Waddell•Journalism & Mass Communication…•2019

  • When Reporters Get Hands-on with Robo-Writing

    Neil Thurman, Konstantin Dörr et al.•Digital Journalism•2017

  • An Experimental Investigation of News Source and the Hostile Media Effect

    Open Access•Laura Arpan, Laura M Arpan et al.•Journalism & Mass Communication…•2003

  • Machine Heuristic

    Open Access•Sundar, S Shyam Sundar et al.•Proceedings of the 2019 CHI…•2019

  • Looking the Other Way

    Open Access•Silvia Knobloch-Westerwick, Silvia Knobloch‐westerwick et al.•Communication Research•2009

  • Algorithm appreciation

    Open Access•Jennifer M Logg, Julia A Minson et al.•Organizational Behavior and Human…•2019

  • The future of employment

    Open Access•Carl Benedikt Frey, Michael A Osborne•Technological Forecasting and…•2017

  • Robots in the News and Newsrooms

    Rachel E Moran, Sonia Jawaid Shaikh•Digital Journalism•2022

  • The Str(AI)ght Scoop

    Joshua Cloudy, Jaime Banks et al.•Digital Journalism•2023

  • Man vs. Machine? The Impact of Algorithm Authorship on News Credibility

    Edson C Tandoc, Lim Jia Yao et al.•Digital Journalism•2020

  • The Space Between

    Open Access•Jaime Banks, Autumn Edwards et al.•Cyberpsychology Behavior and…•2021

  • Predicting AI News Credibility

    Open Access•Sangwon Lee, Seungahn Nah et al.•Communication Studies•2020

  • Mapping Boundaries of the Hostile Media Effect

    Open Access•Albert C Gunther, Albert C L G Günther et al.•Journal of Communication•2004

  • In AI we trust? Perceptions about automated decision-making by artificial intelligence

    Open Access•Theo Araujo, Natali Helberger et al.•AI & Society•2020

  • Broad Reach or Biased Source? Decomposing the Hostile Media Effect

    Open Access•Albert C Gunther, Albert C L G Günther et al.•Journal of Communication•2006

  • Hostile News

    Open Access•Kevin Coe, David Tewksbury et al.•Journal of Communication•2008

  • Amazon Scraps Secret AI Recruiting Tool that Showed Bias against Women

    Jeffrey Dastin•Ethics of Data and Analytics•2022

  • Newsmakers

    Francesco Marconi•Newsmakers•2020

  • Automated Journalism 2.0

    David Caswell, Konstantin Dörr•Journalism Practice•2017

  • Is Automated Journalistic Writing Less Biased? An Experimental Test of Auto-Written and Human-Written News Stories

    Yanfang Wu•Journalism Practice•2019

  • A Three-Decade Retrospective on the Hostile Media Effect

    Richard M Perloff•Mass Communication & Society•2015

  • Are you ready for artificial Mozart and Skrillex? An experiment testing expectancy violation theory and AI music

    Open Access•Joo-Wha Hong, Qiyao Peng et al.•New Media & Society•2020

  • Rise of Machine Agency

    Open Access•Sundar•Journal of Computer-Mediated…•2019

  • Social Media as Information Source

    Open Access•David Westerman, Patric R Spence et al.•Journal of Computer-Mediated…•2013

  • Automated Media

    Open Access•Philip M Napoli•Communication Theory•2014

  • Overcoming polarization with chatbot news? Investigating the impact of news content containing opposing views on agreement and credibility

    Open Access•Brahim Zarouali, Mykola Makhortykh et al.•European Journal of Communication•2021

  • Computers that care

    Open Access•Scott Brave, Clifford et al.•International Journal of…•2005

  • The hostile media phenomenon

    Robert P Vallone, Lee Ro et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1985

  • The Impact of Technology on Journalism

    John V Pavlik, John Pavlik•Journalism Studies•2000

  • Video News Releases and the Public

    Open Access•David Tewksbury, Jakob D Jensen et al.•Journal of Communication•2011

  • Influence of Story Structure on Perceived Story Bias and News Organization Credibility

    Frederick Fico, J David Richardson et al.•Mass Communication & Society•2004

  • Online Journalism and the Promises of New Technology

    Steen Steensen•Journalism Studies•2010

  • Automation, Journalism, and Human–Machine Communication

    Susan C Lewis, Andrea L Guzman et al.•Digital Journalism•2019

  • The Robotic Reporter

    Matt Carlson•Digital Journalism•2014

  • When algorithms meet journalism

    Open Access•Yue Zheng, Bu Zhong et al.•Computers in Human Behavior•2018

  • Hard news, soft news, ‘general’ news

    Open Access•Sam Lehman‐wilzig, Sam N Lehman-Wilzig et al.•Journalism•2010

  • Readers’ perception of computer-generated news

    Open Access•Andreas Graefe, Mario Haim et al.•Journalism•2016

  • Hostile Media Perceptions

    Cindy T Christen, Prathana Kannaovakun et al.•Political Communication•2002

  • Heuristic Versus Systematic Processing of Specialist Versus Generalist Sources in Online Media

    Open Access•Yoon Jeon Koh, Sundar et al.•Human Communication Research•2010

  • Objectivity as Strategic Ritual

    Gaye Tuchman•American Journal of Sociology•1972

Unique citing works15
Citations per year7,5
Citation span2024 - 2026 (3)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 12

Tools

Open DOI
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae