Entrepreneurial Intentions Among Saudi Sports Education Students
Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior with Entrepreneurial Role Models
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 22041875 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Hayet Jemli (Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University), Wassim J Aloulou (0000-0003-2144-6805, Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University), Amal Hassan Alhazmi (0000-0002-8525-0302, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2026 |
| Volume | 16 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 406 |
| Publication date | 2026-03-06 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Education Sciences (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 2227-7102 • E-ISSN: 2227-7102 |
| Publisher | MDPI AG (PUBLISHER • IT) |
| DOI | 10.3390/educsci16030406 |
| OpenAlex | W7134128781 |
| Language | EN |
| References cited | 60 |
This study investigated the determinants of entrepreneurial intentions and behavior among Saudi sports education students using the Theory of Planned Behavior. The study employed a cross-sectional survey of 372 undergraduate and graduate sports science students from Saudi universities. It extended TPB by including entrepreneurial role models as an independent variable affecting TPB antecedents—attitudes toward behavior, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control and outcomes (ENTIs and actual entrepreneurial behavior, AEB). Data were analyzed using linear and hierarchical regression with mediation testing using bootstrapping. Results showed that all TPB antecedents significantly predicted ENTI, while only ENTI and PBC influenced AEB. ERMs were significantly associated with SNs but had no direct effect on ATB, PBC, or ENTI. Mediation analyses revealed that ATB and PBC partially mediated SNs’ effect on ENTI, whereas SNs fully mediated ERMs’ influence on ATB and PBC. These findings provide theoretical and practical insights by validating the extension of TPB with role models, challenging assumptions about ERMs’ direct effects, and highlighting the importance of fostering entrepreneurial culture in universities. Integrating exposure to positive ERMs can effectively translate students’ intentions into entrepreneurial behavior, supporting the development of sports entrepreneurs
Graduate students · Mediation · Moderated mediation · Multilevel model · Structural equation modeling · Theory of planned behavior · Variables · Advanced Technologies in Various Fields · Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences · Management and Marketing Education
The Impact of Entrepreneurship Education in Higher Education
Determinants of Entrepreneurial Intent
Assessing the impact of entrepreneurship education programmes
The future of research on entrepreneurial intentions
Robustness of the Theory of Planned Behavior in Predicting Entrepreneurial Intentions and Actions
Prediction of Employment Status Choice Intentions
Mediation and Moderated Mediation in the Relationship Among Role Models, Self-Efficacy, Entrepreneurial Career Intention, and Gender
Entrepreneurial Intent among Students in Scandinavia and in the USA
Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions
Common Method Bias in Marketing
Entrepreneurial intentions
Factors affecting entrepreneurial intention levels
Efficacy of the Theory of Planned Behaviour
The theory of planned behavior
A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling
Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error
Culture, convention, and continuity
The theory of planned behavior
Sport Entrepreneurship
Sport Entrepreneurship and Public Policy
Self-efficacy
The lineages of the entrepreneurial ecosystem approach
Influences of role models and gender on Saudi Arabian freshman students’ entrepreneurial intention
Entrepreneurship and role models
The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research
Assessing the sociology of sport
| Citation velocity | historical |
|---|---|
| Highly cited | No |