Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Combatting Social Isolation Among Older Adults in a Time of Physical Distancing

The Covid-19 Social Connectivity Paradox

Bibliographic Data

ID22068005
AuthorsMatthew Lee Smith (0000-0002-8232-9285, Texas A&M University, corresponding author), Lesley E Steinman, Lesley Steinman (0000-0002-2098-5105, University of Washington), E A Casey (AARP Foundation)
Year2020
Volume8
Pages403-403
Publication date2020-07-21
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueFrontiers in Public Health (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 2296-2565 • E-ISSN: 2296-2565
PublisherFrontiers Media SA (PUBLISHER • CH)
DOI10.3389/fpubh.2020.00403
PMID32850605
OpenAlexW3045375185
LanguageEN
Citations received67
References cited49

Social isolation is an important public health issue that has gained recognition during the COVID-19 pandemic because of the risks posed to older adults based on physical distancing. The primary purposes of this article are to provide an overview of the complex interconnectedness between social isolation, loneliness, and depression while introducing the COVID-19 Connectivity Paradox, a new concept used to describe the conflicting risk/harm continuum resulting from recommended physical distancing. In this context, examples will be provided for practical and feasible community-based models to improve social connectivity during COVID-19 by adjusting the processes and modalities used to deliver programs and services to older adults through the aging social services network. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for clinical and community-based organizations to unite and form inter-sectorial partnerships to maintain the provision of services and programs for engaging and supporting older adults during this difficult time of physical distancing and shelter-in-place and stay-at-home orders. The aging social services network provides a vital infrastructure for reaching older underserved and/or marginalized persons across the U.S. to reduce social isolation. Capitalizing on existing practices in the field, older adults can achieve distanced connectivity to mitigate social isolation risk while remaining at safe physical distances from others

2019-20 coronavirus outbreak · Betacoronavirus · Biology · Disease · Distancing · Outbreak · Pandemic · Patient isolation · Psychiatry · Social distance · Social isolation · Aging and Gerontology Research · COVID-19 and Mental Health · Health disparities and outcomes · Medicine · Psychology · Gerontology · Virology

  • A Study of Older Adults’ Mental Health across 33 Countries during the Covid-19 Pandemic

    Open Access•Carmen M Tyler, Grace B McKee et al.•International Journal of…•2021

  • Barriers and Facilitators to Psychologists’ Telepsychology Uptake during the Beginning of the Covid-19 Pandemic

    Open Access•Jack D Watson, Bradford S Pierce et al.•International Journal of…•2023

  • Older People’s Lived Perspectives of Social Isolation during the First Wave of the Covid-19 Pandemic in Italy

    Open Access•Sabrina Cipolletta, Francesca Gris•International Journal of…•2021

  • Keeping our distance”

    Open Access•Allan S Gilbert, Andrew S Gilbert et al.•Journal of Aging Studies•2023

  • Surviving Through Solitude

    Open Access•Per E Gustafsson, Julia Schröders et al.•The Journals of Gerontology…•2022

  • Aging in Place

    Open Access•Sacramento Pinazo-Hernandi, Mauricio Blanco-Molina et al.•International Journal of…•2022

  • A Population Study on Covid-19 Information Sharing

    Open Access•Shirley Man-Man Sit, Wei Jie Gong et al.•International Journal of…•2022

  • Pre-pandemic Predictors of Loneliness in Adult Men During Covid-19

    Open Access•Kayla A Mansour, Kayla Mansour et al.•Frontiers in Psychiatry•2021

  • Association between Self-Classification of Covid-19 Risk Levels and Adverse Lifestyle Changes among Physically Active Older Adults Following the Coronavirus Outbreak

    Open Access•Pnina Marom, Beth G Zalcman et al.•International Journal of…•2022

  • A Telehealth Home-Based Exercise Program for Community-Dwelling Older People with Dementia in Indonesia

    Open Access•Yulisna Mutia Sari, ELISSA BURTON et al.•International Journal of…•2023

  • Rapidly adapting an effective health promoting intervention for older adults—choose to move—for virtual delivery during the Covid-19 pandemic

    Open Access•Samantha M Gray, Todd Franke et al.•BMC Public Health•2022

  • Covid-19 Daily Realities for Families

    Open Access•Kezia R October, Lisa Rene’ Petersen et al.•International Journal of…•2021

  • Resilience in the Storm

    Open Access•Bobo Hi Po Lau, Mike Cheung et al.•International Journal of…•2021

  • Social Life of Females with Persistent Covid-19 Symptoms

    Open Access•Atefeh Aghaei, Ran Zhang et al.•International Journal of…•2022

  • Tracking the Temporal Evolution of Online Social Relationships in Times of Crisis

    Open Access•Timothy Douglas, Licia Capra et al.•Journal of Social Computing•2026

  • Covid-19 Pandemisi Sırasında Uygulanan Karantinanın Yaşlılar Üzerindeki Etkileri

    Semra Zorlu, Semra Kocataş et al.•JOURNAL OF SOCIAL HUMANITIES AND…•2023

  • A Resilience Lens on Homeless Older Persons in the City of Tshwane

    Open Access•Leoné Jacobs, L S Geyer•Social Work/Maatskaplike Werk•2022

  • The effects of social isolation on well-being and life satisfaction during pandemic

    Open Access•Ruta Clair, Maya K Gordon et al.•Humanities and Social Sciences…•2021

  • Correlates of Social Isolation Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults During the Covid-19 Pandemic

    Open Access•Omolola E Adepoju, Minji Chae et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2021

  • Development and validation of the Upstream Social Interaction Risk Scale (U-Sirs-13)

    Open Access•Matthew Lee Smith, Matthew E Barrett•Frontiers in Public Health•2024

  • Factors related to social disconnectedness among older unpaid caregivers

    Open Access•Moka Yoo‐jeong, Moka Yoo-Jeong et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2025

  • Covid-19 and Quarantine, a Catalyst for Ageism

    Open Access•Nathalie Barth, Jessica Guyot et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2021

  • Social disconnectedness and depressive symptoms across age groups

    Open Access•Moka Yoo‐jeong, Moka Yoo-Jeong et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2025

  • Effectiveness of the Program to Encourage Active, Rewarding Lives (PEARLS) to reduce depression

    Open Access•Matthew Lee Smith, Lesley E Steinman et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2023

  • Women Face to Fear and Safety Devices During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Italy

    Open Access•Rosa Parisi, Francesca Lagomarsino et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2021

  • The relationship between problematic internet use and psychological distress in older Chinese teachers (40+) during different stages of the Covid-19 pandemic

    Open Access•Xiu‐Mei Chen, Lifeng Wang et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2024

  • Shift to Virtual Self-Management Programs During Covid-19

    Open Access•Pamela Sanchez-Villagomez, Claudia Zurlini et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2021

  • Associations of depressive symptoms, social engagement and support, and lifestyle behaviors among non-Hispanic black and Hispanic men with chronic conditions in the United States

    Open Access•Jeong-Hui Park, Caroline D Bergeron et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2025

  • A Technology Training Program to Alleviate Social Isolation and Loneliness Among Homebound Older Adults

    Open Access•Frances N Jiménez, Joan F Brazier et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2021

  • Full Comprehension of Theories, Models, and Frameworks Improves Application

    Open Access•Matthew Lee Smith, Samantha M Harden•Frontiers in Public Health•2021

  • The Effect of Shelter-in-Place Orders on Social Distancing and the Spread of the Covid-19 Pandemic

    Open Access•Marco A Castaneda, Meryem Saygili•Frontiers in Public Health•2020

  • Co-designing implementation strategies to promote remote physical activity programs in frail older community-dwellers

    Open Access•Lorena Villa-Garcia, Lorena Villa‐García et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2023

  • The impact of older adult care policy mixes on the construction of senior centers

    Open Access•Xin Chen•Frontiers in Public Health•2023

  • Problem-solving training to improve caregiver burden and depressive symptoms among dementia caregivers

    Open Access•Shannon B Juengst, Matthew Lee Smith et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2025

  • Reducing Loneliness Among Aging Adults

    Open Access•Valerie K Jones, Michael D Hanus et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2021

  • Effectiveness of evidence-based fall prevention programs to reduce loneliness in the United States

    Open Access•Matthew Lee Smith, Gang Han•Frontiers in Public Health•2024

  • Qualitative Study on Dialogic Literary Gatherings as Co-creation Intervention and Its Impact on Psychological and Social Well-Being in Women During the Covid-19 Lockdown

    Open Access•Laura Ruiz-Eugenio, Ana Toledo del Cerro et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2021

  • Pilot testing the Engaging Generations (eGen) Program to address social well-being among lower-income older adults

    Open Access•Cindy E Tsotsoros, Emma Pascuzzi et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2024

  • Teahouses as community third places

    Open Access•Weihua Tan, Jian Liu et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2026

  • Practical Solutions to Address Covid-19-Related Mental and Physical Health Challenges Among Low-Income Older Adults

    Open Access•Caroline D Bergeron, Ali Boolani et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2021

  • “I've already lived like There's a pandemic”

    Open Access•Michelle Yang, Sarah Fraser et al.•International Journal of Disaster…•2023

  • Recommendations to support pandemic resilience among persons with mobility disabilities

    Open Access•Michelle Yang, Sarah Fraser et al.•International Journal of Disaster…•2024

  • Learning From Covid-19

    Open Access•Marie Stender•Urban Planning•2022

  • Online mindfulness interventions for improving people’s mental health during the Covid-19 pandemic

    Open Access•Fuming Xu, Wanling Zhu et al.•Current Psychology•2024

  • The impact of Covid-19 on older people experiencing homelessness

    Morgan Cruz Erisman, Sarah L Canham et al.•Educational Gerontology•2026

  • Dynamics of Social Experiences in the Context of Extended Lockdown

    Open Access•Anh Tran, Valentina Bianchi et al.•Social Psychological and…•2024

  • Building bonds beyond the office

    Open Access•Fan Zhang•The Journal of Chinese Sociology•2025

  • (We) Stay at [Your] Home

    George Damaskinidis, Georgios Damaskinidis et al.•Design and Culture•2026

  • Get in touch with leisure

    M Rebecca Genoe, Roz Kelsey et al.•World Leisure & Recreation•2024

  • Transformative change in social service delivery and social work practice in Latvia during the Covid-19 pandemic

    Baiba Bela, Anna Broka et al.•European Journal of Social Work•2021

  • Caregiver strain among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic male caregivers with self-reported chronic health conditions

    Chung Lin Kew, Tiffany Washington et al.•Ethnicity and Health•2023

  • The Effects of Loneliness on Depressive Symptoms Among Older Adults During Covid-19

    Open Access•Andrew Wister, Lun Li et al.•Journal of Aging and Health•2022

  • The Case of the United States

    Open Access•Allison Parsons, Danielle Maholtz et al.•International Journal of Social…•2021

  • Covid impacted my life in so many ways

    Open Access•Zoë Ottaway, Denis Onyango et al.•Ethnicity and Health•2024

  • Resident reactions to a pandemic

    Namhee Lee, Sanghoon Lee et al.•Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism…•2022

  • Prevalence and Characteristics of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Among Older Persons in Malaysia during the Covid-19 Pandemic

    Open Access•Shobha Mirchandani, Maw Pin Tan et al.•Journal of Cross-Cultural…•2026

  • The psychosocial adaptability of independently living older adults to Covid‐19 related social isolation in the Netherlands

    Open Access•Evi M Kremers, Jeroen H M Janssen et al.•Health & Social Care in the…•2022

  • Examining Awareness of Social Services and the Relationship Between Social Participation and Social Service Use Among Older Adults

    Eunyoung Lee, Stephanie Grace Prost•Journal of Social Service Research•2023

  • Older people's family relationships in disequilibrium during the Covid-19 pandemic. What really matters

    Open Access•Elfriede Derrer-Merk, Scott Ferson et al.•Ageing and Society•2024

  • Determinants of depressive symptoms increase in older persons during the Covid-19 pandemic

    Open Access•Andrea Dalecká, Hynek Pikhart et al.•Journal of Epidemiology and…•2023

  • Adult Day Services, Health Equity for Older Adults With Complex Needs, and the Covid-19 Pandemic

    Tina Sadarangani, Tina R Sadarangani et al.•American Journal of Public Health•2022

  • Adapting to the Covid-19 Pandemic

    Open Access•Nicole S Gluckman, Andrew L Eagle et al.•Community Mental Health Journal•2022

  • Symptom Severity Profiles and their Associated Factors in Minoritized Men with Chronic Conditions

    Open Access•Moka Yoo‐jeong, Moka Yoo-Jeong et al.•Journal of Racial and Ethnic…•2026

  • The Effectiveness of a Virtual Intergenerational Activity for Reducing Younger and Older Adults’ Ageism

    Janelle Fassi, Elizabeth Hahn Rickenbach•Journal of Intergenerational…•2023

  • Qualitative Comparison of In-Person versus Virtual Versions of the Same Intergenerational Service-Learning Program During Covid-19

    Sara P Bartlett, Allison Scholl•Journal of Intergenerational…•2024

  • First-Wave Covid-19 Pandemic in Greece

    Open Access•E Anastasiou, Marie‐noelle Duquenne•Social Sciences•2021

  • Maintaining Well-Being in Times of Limited Social Contacts

    Open Access•Djoeke Besselink, Feija D Schaap et al.•Qualitative Health Research•2025

  • Abbreviating the Duke Social Support Index for Use in Chronically Ill Elderly Individuals

    Open Access•Harold Koenig, Ron E Westlund et al.•Psychosomatics•1993

  • Perceived social isolation and cognition

    Open Access•John T Cacioppo, Louise C Hawkley•Trends in Cognitive Sciences•2009

  • Social isolation, loneliness, and all-cause mortality in older men and women

    Open Access•Andrew Steptoe, Aparna Shankar et al.•Proceedings of the National…•2013

  • Older adults talk technology

    Open Access•Tracy L Mitzner, Julie Blaskewicz Boron et al.•Computers in Human Behavior•2010

  • Screening for Depression in Adults

    Albert L Siu, and the US Preventive Services Task Force et al.•JAMA•2016

  • The Mental Health Consequences of Covid-19 and Physical Distancing

    Sandro Galea, Raina M Merchant et al.•JAMA Internal Medicine•2020

  • The Development of a Rasch-Type Loneliness Scale

    Open Access•Jenny De Jong-Gierveld, Frans Kamphuls•Applied Psychological Measurement•1985

  • Implementation Mapping

    Open Access•Maria E Fernandez, Gill Ten Hoor et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2019

  • Performance of an Abbreviated Version of the Lubben Social Network Scale Among Three European Community-Dwelling Older Adult Populations

    James Lubben, Eva Blozik et al.•The Gerontologist•2006

  • Loneliness in Older Persons

    Carla Perissinotto, Carla M Perissinotto et al.•A.M.A. Archives of Internal…•2012

  • A 6-Item Scale for Overall, Emotional, and Social Loneliness

    Open Access•Jenny De Jong Gierveld, Theo Van Tilburg et al.•Research on Aging•2006

  • A Meta-Analysis of Interventions to Reduce Loneliness

    Open Access•Christopher M Masi, Hsi-Yuan Chen et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•2011

  • Social support and protection from depression

    Open Access•Geneviève Gariépy, Helena Honkaniemi et al.•The British Journal of Psychiatry•2016

  • Social isolation

    Open Access•John T Cacioppo, Louise C Hawkley et al.•Annals of the New York Academy of…•2011

  • Loneliness, isolation and the health of older adults

    Open Access•Nicole Valtorta, Barbara Hanratty•Proceedings of the Royal Society…•2012

  • Depression Is the Leading Cause of Disability Around the World

    Michael Friedrich, M J Friedrich•JAMA•2017

  • Disability and Care Needs Among Older Americans

    Open Access•Vicki A Freedman, Brenda C Spillman•Milbank Quarterly•2014

  • Loneliness, social isolation, and behavioral and biological health indicators in older adults.

    Aparna Shankar, Anne Mcmunn et al.•Health Psychology•2011

  • Mental health services for older adults in China during the Covid-19 outbreak

    Open Access•Yuan Yang, Wen Li et al.•The Lancet Psychiatry•2020

  • Frailty in Older Adults

    Linda P Fried, Catherine M Tangen et al.•The Journals of Gerontology…•2001

  • Social Networks, Host Resistance, and Mortality

    Lisa F Berkman, Lisa Berkman et al.•American Journal of Epidemiology•1979

  • Social Relationships and Mortality Risk

    Open Access•Julianne Holt-Lunstad, Timothy B Smith et al.•PLoS Medicine•2010

  • Ucla Loneliness Scale (Version 3)

    Daniel W Russell•Journal of Personality Assessment•1996

  • Delivery of Fall Prevention Interventions for At-Risk Older Adults in Rural Areas

    Open Access•Matthew Smith, Matthew Lee Smith et al.•International Journal of…•2018

  • Dissemination of Chronic Disease Self-Management Education (CDSME) Programs in the United States

    Open Access•Matthew Smith, Matthew Lee Smith et al.•International Journal of…•2017

  • Social Isolation and Medicare Spending

    Open Access•Jonathan G Shaw, Monica Farid et al.•Journal of Aging and Health•2017

  • The Relation of Social Isolation, Loneliness, and Social Support to Disease Outcomes Among the Elderly

    Open Access•Joe Tomaka, Thompson et al.•Journal of Aging and Health•2006

  • Social Isolation

    Matthew Pantell, Matthew S Pantell et al.•American Journal of Public Health•2013

  • Social Isolation, Loneliness, and Living Alone

    Eric Klinenberg•American Journal of Public Health•2016

  • Advancing social connection as a public health priority in the United States

    Julianne Holt-Lunstad, Theodore F Robles et al.•American Psychologist•2017

  • The revised Ucla Loneliness Scale

    Daniel W Russell, Dan Russell et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1980

  • The Social Connectedness of Older Adults

    Open Access•B Cornwell, Edward O Laumann et al.•American Sociological Review•2008

  • Social Relationships and Health

    Open Access•Debra Umberson, J K Montez•Journal of Health and Social…•2010

  • Social Disconnectedness, Perceived Isolation, and Health among Older Adults

    Open Access•Erin York Cornwell, L J Waite•Journal of Health and Social…•2009

  • Social Networks and Health

    Kirsten P Smith, Nicholas A Christakis•Annual Review of Sociology•2008

Unique citing works67
Citations per year11,17
Citation span2020 - 2026 (7)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 63
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae