Association of blood cadmium, lead, and mercury with anxiety
A cross-sectional study from NHANES 2007–2012
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 22068010 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Long Bai (0000-0003-2671-3298, Xuzhou Medical College), Zongliang Wen (Xuzhou Medical College, corresponding author), Yan Zhu (0000-0002-4955-2880, Xuzhou Medical College, corresponding author), Hamdi Abdirizak Jama (Xuzhou Medical College), Joyce D Sawmadal (Xuzhou Medical College), Jialin Chen (0000-0002-7519-0545, Xuzhou Medical College) |
| Year | 2024 |
| Volume | 12 |
| Pages | 1402715-1402715 |
| Publication date | 2024-08-12 |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Frontiers in Public Health (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 2296-2565 • E-ISSN: 2296-2565 |
| Publisher | Frontiers Media SA (PUBLISHER • CH) |
| DOI | 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1402715 |
| PMID | 39188794 |
| OpenAlex | W4401499266 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 1 |
| References cited | 41 |
Objectives The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between blood levels of cadmium, lead, and mercury and anxiety in American adults. Methods Blood metals and self-reported anxiety days were extracted from laboratory data and questionnaire data, respectively, using NHANES data from 2007–2012. Weighted logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between cadmium, lead and mercury with anxiety. Restricted cubic spline was used to visualize the non-linear relationship between metal concentrations and anxiety. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression was used to investigate the effect of combined exposure to the three metals on anxiety. Results The prevalence of anxiety in adults was 26.0%. After adjusting for potential confounding variables, cadmium levels in the highest quartile (Q4) were associated with a higher risk of anxiety compared to the lowest quartile (Q1) (OR = 1.279, 95% CI: 1.113–1.471, p < 0.01). Restricted cubic spline analysis indicated a positive association between blood cadmium levels and anxiety. Furthermore, co-exposure to multiple heavy metals was positively associated with anxiety risk (WQS positive: OR = 1.068, 95% CI: 1.016–1.160, p < 0.05), with cadmium contributing the most to the overall mixture effect. Compared to the Light RPA, the Vigorous/Moderate RPA group had a relatively low risk of anxiety after cadmium exposure. Conclusion High levels of blood cadmium are positively associated with the development of anxiety disorders, which needs to be further verified in future studies
Anxiety · Cadmium · Confidence interval · Confounding · Cross-sectional study · Logistic regression · Pathology · Psychiatry · Quartile · Chemistry · Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity · Heavy metals in environment · Medicine · Mercury impact and mitigation studies · Internal Medicine
| Citations per year | 1 |
|---|---|
| Citation span | 2025 - 2025 (1) |
| Highly cited | No |