Evaluating Health Education Module on Hand, Food, and Mouth Diseases Among Preschoolers in Malacca, Malaysia
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 22070160 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Syazwani Shahar (Universiti Putra Malaysia), Hayati Kadir Shahar (0000-0002-7841-5957, Universiti Putra Malaysia, corresponding author), Sri Ganesh Muthiah (Universiti Putra Malaysia), Kulanthayan KC Mani (0000-0002-5048-2410, Universiti Putra Malaysia), Kulanthayan K C Mani |
| Year | 2022 |
| Volume | 10 |
| Pages | 811782-811782 |
| Publication date | 2022-03-31 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Frontiers in Public Health (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 2296-2565 • E-ISSN: 2296-2565 |
| Publisher | Frontiers Media SA (PUBLISHER • CH) |
| DOI | 10.3389/fpubh.2022.811782 |
| PMID | 35433565 |
| OpenAlex | W4220728133 |
| Language | EN |
| References cited | 27 |
This study aims to improve parents' perceptions of susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers to children's handwashing practice by utilizing the Health Belief Model. In Alor Gajah, Melaka, a parallel cluster-randomized controlled study was conducted over 26 months. Parents who agreed to participate completed pre-test (t0) questionnaires. Data analysis used IBM SPSS version 25. The descriptive analysis described the baseline data pre-intervention. Chi-square and T -test or Mann-Whitney U test for non-parametric analysis assessed baseline data comparability between intervention and control groups. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) analyzed between and within-group comparison of the outcomes, and multivariate analysis determined the effectiveness of the intervention with clustered data. The individual participation rate was 86%. Parents who followed up immediately had higher perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, and perceived barriers ( p < 0.001). Each unit increment in parents' practice score was 0.02-unit higher preschool children's hand hygiene practice score ( p = 0.045). The intervention effectively improved parents' perceived susceptibility and benefits at immediate follow-up compared to baseline. However, there were no significant intervention effects on parents' perceived severity and barriers and preschool children's handwashing practices. The follow-up time significantly affected each outcome. There were significant covariates as the outcome predictors in this study, besides intervention groups and follow-up time. Parents' knowledge and age of the youngest child were significant predictors of parents' perceived susceptibility, besides parents' knowledge and perceived susceptibility being the predictors of parents' practice score. As a result, parents, teachers, and communities can implement this intervention in other schools with susceptible children
Descriptive statistics · Family medicine · Gee · Generalized estimating equation · Health belief model · Health education · Hygiene · Multivariate analysis · Public health · Randomized controlled trial · Child Nutrition and Water Access · Clinical Psychology · Food Safety and Hygiene · Medicine · Nursing · Pediatric health and respiratory diseases
| Citation velocity | historical |
|---|---|
| Highly cited | No |