Global burden of subarachnoid hemorrhage attributable to ambient PM2.5 in low-resource regions (1990–2050)

Bibliographic Data

ID22073148
AuthorsErman Wu (Universidade da Coruña), Tong Tang (0000-0003-1657-612X, Universidade da Coruña), Rina Su (0000-0001-7975-3280, Xinjiang Medical University), Riqing Su, Yandong Li (0000-0001-8153-081X, Xinjiang Medical University), Maimaitili Mijiti (Xinjiang Medical University), Gaocai Zhang (Xinjiang Medical University), Minghao Lian (Xinjiang Medical University), Yongtao Zhang (0000-0003-0448-1043, Xinjiang Medical University), Chang Du (0000-0001-5154-9042), Chang Ming Du (South China Normal University), Guohua Zhu (0000-0002-5381-576X, Xinjiang Medical University, corresponding author), Dangmurenjiafu Geng (0000-0001-5342-0234, Xinjiang Medical University, corresponding author)
Year2025
Volume13
Pages1652872-1652872
Publication date2025-09-23
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueFrontiers in Public Health (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 2296-2565 • E-ISSN: 2296-2565
PublisherFrontiers Media SA (PUBLISHER • CH)
DOI10.3389/fpubh.2025.1652872
PMID41063955
OpenAlexW4414444013
LanguageEN
References cited68

Background Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is increasingly recognized as a PM 2.5 -linked neurological emergency, yet global spatiotemporal burden evidence across socioeconomic, demographic, and geographic subgroups remains scarce, impeding tarsgeted prevention. This study quantifies current burden, trends, and future SAH projections attributable to PM 2.5 using the latest data. Methods Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, we analyzed deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from SAH attributable to ambient PM 2.5 pollution (1990–2021) across 204 countries/territories, stratified by age, sex, region, and Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Temporal trends were quantified using estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs), and Bayesian age-period-cohort modeling projected disease burden through 2050. Results Between 1990 and 2021, global age-standardized mortality (ASMR) and DALY rates (ASDR) for PM 2.5 -related SAH declined by 36% (0.99 to 0.63 per 100,000) and 34% (27.42 to 17.96 per 100,000), respectively. However, absolute deaths surged 40% (38,130 to 53,562), driven by aging populations and demographic shifts. Burden disparities were stark: Middle SDI regions had the highest ASMR (1.07, 95% UI, 0.68–1.43) and ASDR (27.42, 95% UI: 17.96–35.65), while high SDI regions achieved the steepest declines (−67% ASMR). South Asia (+246% deaths) and Southeast Asia (+147% deaths) experienced the most rapid mortality growth, contrasting with East Asia’s high absolute burden (229,553 deaths in 2021). Males faced higher risks (ASMR: 0.72, 95% UI: 0.48–0.99) compared with females (0.55, 95% UI: 0.36–0.75). In South Asia, the female mortality share was rising from 31 to 41%. Mongolia had the highest national burden [2.49 (95% UI, 1.23–3.82) and ASDR of 61.92 (95% UI, 30.6–93.24)], while Central Asia and Southern Sub-Saharan Africa exhibited worsening trends. Projections indicate a resurgence in ASMR and ASDR by 2050, disproportionately impacting low-middle SDI regions. Conclusion Despite declining age-standardized rates, a 40% surge in absolute PM 2.5 -attributable SAH deaths over three decades, due to aging populations and regional inequalities (e.g., South Asia +246% deaths, Middle SDI highest ASMR), demands urgent air-quality and healthcare policies for high-growth Asian and African regions and vulnerable low-middle SDI populations to curb projected 2050 increases

Healthcare system · Inequality · Low and middle income countries · South asia · Subarachnoid haemorrhage · Subarachnoid hemorrhage · Air Quality and Health Impacts · Climate Change and Health Impacts · Intracranial Aneurysms: Treatment and Complications

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