Effect of reducing saturated fat intake on cardiovascular disease in adults

An umbrella review

Bibliographic Data

ID22074679
AuthorsAdolfo Aramburu (0000-0002-1855-156X, Peruvian University of Applied Sciences, corresponding author), Gandy Dolores-Maldonado (0000-0002-7146-7885, Instituto de Investigación Nutricional), Katherine Curi-Quinto (0000-0002-2233-8251, Instituto de Investigación Nutricional), Karen Cueva (Instituto de Investigación Nutricional), Giancarlo Alvarado‐Gamarra (0000-0002-7266-5808, Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, corresponding author), Giancarlo Alvarado-Gamarra, Katherine Alcalá-Marcos (0000-0001-9697-0914, Instituto Nacional de Salud), Carlos R Celis (0000-0003-1616-0925, Instituto de Investigación Nutricional), Claudio F Lanata (0000-0002-6994-7425, Vanderbilt University)
Year2024
Volume12
Pages1396576-1396576
Publication date2024-06-03
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueFrontiers in Public Health (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 2296-2565 • E-ISSN: 2296-2565
PublisherFrontiers Media SA (PUBLISHER • CH)
DOI10.3389/fpubh.2024.1396576
PMID38887252
OpenAlexW4399297032
LanguageEN
References cited57

Introduction Our objective was to explore the effect of the reduction of saturated fat (SAF) intake on cardiovascular disease, mortality and other health-related outcomes in adults. Methods We conducted an umbrella review, searching Medline, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and LILACS databases for systematic reviews from December 1, 2012, to December 1, 2022. We have included meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies. We extracted effect sizes (95%CI), heterogeneity ( I 2 ), and evidence quality rating based on the population, intervention, comparator, and outcomes. Results 21 meta-analyses were included (three were from RCTs, and 18 were from cohort studies). Among meta-analyses of RCTs, 15 of the 45 associations were significant. The effect of reduction in SAF intake on combined cardiovascular events (RR 0.79, 95%CI 0.66–0.93) was graded as having moderate certainty of evidence. We found no effect on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, cancer deaths, and other cardiovascular events. Among meta-analyses of cohort studies, five of the 19 associations were significant. There was an increase in coronary heart disease mortality (HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01–1.21) and breast cancer mortality (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.09–2.09) in participants with higher SFA intake compared to reduced SFA. We found no effect on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and other cardiovascular events. Conclusion This umbrella review found the reduction in SAF intake probably reduces cardiovascular events and other health outcomes. However, it has little or no effect on cardiovascular mortality and mortality from other causes. More high-quality clinical trials with long-term follow-up are needed. Systematic review registration : CRD42022380859

Cochrane Library · Cohort · Cohort study · Disease · Environmental health · MEDLINE · Meta-analysis · Population · Randomized controlled trial · Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity · Fatty Acid Research and Health · Medicine · Nutritional Studies and Diet · Internal Medicine

Tools

Open DOIOpen Access