Diabetes mellitus and its association with tuberculosis clinical presentation and treatment outcomes

Results from a prospective cohort study in Ghana

Dados Bibliográficos

ID22076199
AutoresMonica Baaba Jones (University of Ghana), Kwadwo Ansah Koram (University of Ghana), Francis Anto (0000-0002-1531-5481, University of Ghana), Michael Lauzardo (0000-0002-7096-4185, Infectious Diseases Institute), Blanca I Restrepo (0000-0002-3743-9098, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley), Margaret Lartey (Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana), Margaret Sraku Lartey (University of Ghana), Hafisatu Gbadamosi (0000-0002-2484-7818, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital), Awewura Kwara (0000-0002-1118-8331, Infectious Diseases Institute)
Ano2026
Volume14
Páginas1755479-1755479
Data de publicação2026-04-09
Peer ReviewedSim
Open AccessSim
TipoARTICLE
PeriódicoFrontiers in Public Health (JOURNAL)
Identificadores do periódicoISSN: 2296-2565 • E-ISSN: 2296-2565
EditoraFrontiers Media SA (PUBLISHER • CH)
DOI10.3389/fpubh.2026.1755479
PMID42040113
OpenAlexW7152442874
IdiomaEN
Referências citadas30

Background Tuberculosis (TB)-diabetes is a growing public health threat in TB-endemic settings. We aimed to determine diabetes prevalence among TB patients in Greater Accra and its association with TB clinical presentation and treatment outcomes. Methods We enrolled 204 adults (≥20 years) with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB across 14 health facilities. At treatment initiation, participants were screened for diabetes using self-report, fasting plasma glucose, and glycated hemoglobin, following standard diagnostic criteria. Baseline characteristics were recorded, and participants were followed to determine TB treatment outcomes. Associations between diabetes, baseline characteristics and treatment outcomes were assessed using bivariate and multivariate analysis in STATA. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and risk ratios (RRs) were estimated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results The median age of participants was 40.5 years (IQR 30.5–50.5), and 72.5% were male. The prevalence of baseline diabetes was 22.1% (45/204), including 30 newly diagnosed and 15 previously diagnosed participants on treatment. Among 166 chest X-rays, cavities were less frequent in TB-diabetes than TB-only participants (51.2% vs. 72.5%, P = 0.014). Diabetes was associated with age ≥60 years (AOR 5.7, 95% CI 1.7–19.3), body mass index ≥25 kg/m 2 (AOR 5.4, 95% CI 1.4–21.9), and family history of diabetes (AOR 3.7, 95% CI 1.5–9.4). Overall, 90.7% had favorable TB treatment outcomes, with unfavorable outcomes in 6.8% of TB-diabetes and 10.1% of TB-only participants (RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.2–2.2). Conclusion Diabetes was common among TB patients, with many previously undiagnosed. Despite similar treatment outcomes to TB-only participants, routine diabetes screening is recommended for early detection and management

Body mass index · Cohort study · Confidence interval · Diabetes mellitus · Odds ratio · Prospective cohort study · Tuberculosis · Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis · Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis · Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology