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Cognitive appraisal, emotional responses, and emotion regulation in firefighters' occupational stress—A pilot study

Bibliographic Data

ID22079496
AuthorsPauline Georgees Poless (0000-0002-5488-6607, University of Bergen), Julia Eïd (0000-0002-4079-842X, University of Bergen), Mathilde V Bjercke Prate (University of Bergen), Elida Margareth Stenseng (University of Bergen), Aase Lyngvaer Hansen (0000-0003-2392-0929, Haukeland University Hospital), Anita Lill Hansen (University of Bergen)
Year2026
Volume14
Pages1809101-1809101
Publication date2026-05-26
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueFrontiers in Public Health (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 2296-2565 • E-ISSN: 2296-2565
PublisherFrontiers Media SA (PUBLISHER • CH)
DOI10.3389/fpubh.2026.1809101
PMID42273635
OpenAlexW7162409191
LanguageEN
References cited54

Introduction: Firefighting is a highly demanding profession, involving frequent exposure to stress and life-threatening situations. This pilot study investigates firefighters' cognitive and emotional responses underlying problem-solving and emotion regulation during stressful operations. It explores how and to what extent firefighters experience their thoughts and emotions, focusing on subjective experiences of valence and physiological arousal, and whether they perceive their thoughts and emotions as helpful or hindrances. Additionally, we examine habitual emotion regulation strategies, accounting for age and work experience. Method: Seventy-eight firefighters participated in structured interviews based on Cognitive Behavioural Therapy techniques and completed the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). Results: Fire accidents were reported as the most stressful operations (35%), with cognitive appraisal oriented to stress-threat (31%). Participants experienced mixed emotions (27%) rather than a single dominant emotion and consistently prioritised rescuing individuals as a problem-solving tendency (49%). Despite high subjective experience of bodily changes and physiological arousal, thoughts and emotions were generally perceived as positive and helpful. Cognitive reappraisal was the most frequently used emotion regulation strategy both during stressful operations (23%) and as a habitual tendency, while suppression was less common and negatively correlated with age. Age explained approximately 8% of the variance in suppression. Discussion: By using a Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) framework, this pilot study demonstrates new insight into firefighters' underlying cognitive and emotional processes during critical operations. Significant strengths and limitations, as well as suggestions for further research are discussed

Autoregulation · Cognition · Cognitive appraisal · Cognitive reappraisal · Emotional Regulation · Expressive Suppression · Negative emotion · Mental Health via Writing · Occupational Health and Performance · Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research

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Highly citedNo
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