Artificial intelligence in hospital infection prevention

An integrative review

Bibliographic Data

ID22079703
AuthorsRabie Adel El Arab (0000-0002-3822-9236, Saad Specialist Hospital, corresponding author), Zainab Almoosa (Saad Specialist Hospital), May Alkhunaizi (Saad Specialist Hospital), Fuad H Abuadas (0000-0002-4880-0862, Jouf University), Joel Somerville (0000-0002-8728-0687, Glasgow Caledonian University)
Year2025
Volume13
Pages1547450-1547450
Publication date2025-04-02
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueFrontiers in Public Health (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 2296-2565 • E-ISSN: 2296-2565
PublisherFrontiers Media SA (PUBLISHER • CH)
DOI10.3389/fpubh.2025.1547450
PMID40241963
OpenAlexW4409087860
LanguageEN
References cited75

Background: Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) represent a persistent challenge in healthcare, contributing to substantial morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers promising potential for improving HAIs prevention through advanced predictive capabilities. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness, usability, and challenges of AI models in preventing, detecting, and managing HAIs. Methods: This integrative review synthesized findings from 42 studies, guided by the SPIDER framework for inclusion criteria. We assessed the quality of included studies by applying the TRIPOD checklist to individual predictive studies and the AMSTAR 2 tool for reviews. Results: AI models demonstrated high predictive accuracy for the detection, surveillance, and prevention of multiple HAIs, with models for surgical site infections and urinary tract infections frequently achieving area-under-the-curve (AUC) scores exceeding 0.80, indicating strong reliability. Comparative data suggest that while both machine learning and deep learning approaches perform well, some deep learning models may offer slight advantages in complex data environments. Advanced algorithms, including neural networks, decision trees, and random forests, significantly improved detection rates when integrated with EHRs, enabling real-time surveillance and timely interventions. In resource-constrained settings, non-real-time AI models utilizing historical EHR data showed considerable scalability, facilitating broader implementation in infection surveillance and control. AI-supported surveillance systems outperformed traditional methods in accurately identifying infection rates and enhancing compliance with hand hygiene protocols. Furthermore, Explainable AI (XAI) frameworks and interpretability tools such as Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) values increased clinician trust and facilitated actionable insights. AI also played a pivotal role in antimicrobial stewardship by predicting the emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms and guiding optimal antibiotic usage, thereby reducing reliance on second-line treatments. However, challenges including the need for comprehensive clinician training, high integration costs, and ensuring compatibility with existing workflows were identified as barriers to widespread adoption. Discussion: The integration of AI in HAI prevention and management represents a potentially transformative shift in enhancing predictive capabilities and supporting effective infection control measures. Successful implementation necessitates standardized validation protocols, transparent data reporting, and the development of user-friendly interfaces to ensure seamless adoption by healthcare professionals. Variability in data sources and model validations across studies underscores the necessity for multicenter collaborations and external validations to ensure consistent performance across diverse healthcare environments. Innovations in non-real-time AI frameworks offer viable solutions for scaling AI applications in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), addressing the higher prevalence of HAIs in these regions. Conclusions: Artificial Intelligence stands as a transformative tool in the fight against hospital-acquired infections, offering advanced solutions for prevention, surveillance, and management. To fully realize its potential, the healthcare sector must prioritize rigorous validation standards, comprehensive data quality reporting, and the incorporation of interpretability tools to build clinician confidence. By adopting scalable AI models and fostering interdisciplinary collaborations, healthcare systems can overcome existing barriers, integrating AI seamlessly into infection control policies and ultimately enhancing patient safety and care quality. Further research is needed to evaluate cost-effectiveness, real-world applications, and strategies (e.g., clinician training and the integration of explainable AI) to improve trust and broaden clinical adoption

Infection control · Intensive care medicine · Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing · Medicine · Nosocomial Infections in ICU · Surgical site infection prevention

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