Social factors are associated with disparities in epidemiological and operational indicators of Covid-19 surveillance in a region of the Brazilian Amazon

Bibliographic Data

ID22082931
AuthorsJuliane Lima Alencar (Instituto Evandro Chagas), Marina Pereira Queiroz dos Santos (0000-0002-2596-1241, Instituto Evandro Chagas), Ana Lúcia da Silva Ferreira (0000-0001-7458-9223, Universidade do Estado do Pará), Marcos Jessé Abrahão Silva (0000-0003-2057-3474, Universidade do Estado do Pará), Diana da Costa Lobato (0000-0001-5043-5203, Universidade do Estado do Pará), Joyce dos Santos Freitas (Instituto de Saúde), Mayara Annanda Oliveira Neves Kimura (0000-0003-2279-1985, Instituto Evandro Chagas), Ricardo José P Souza E Guimarães (0000-0002-5767-4765, Instituto Evandro Chagas), Yan Corrêa Rodrigues (0000-0002-9922-4797, Instituto Evandro Chagas), Daniele Melo Sardinha (0000-0002-2650-2354, Universidade do Estado do Pará), Karla Valéria Batista Lima (0000-0001-5807-0392, Universidade do Estado do Pará)
Year2026
Volume13
Pages1662081-1662081
Publication date2026-03-11
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueFrontiers in Public Health (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 2296-2565 • E-ISSN: 2296-2565
PublisherFrontiers Media SA (PUBLISHER • CH)
DOI10.3389/fpubh.2025.1662081
PMID41890768
OpenAlexW7134962597
LanguageEN
References cited23

Introduction COVID-19 has caused substantial impacts on health, the economy, education, and quality of life worldwide, and pandemic control measures are directly associated with the quality of the pandemic response, which is essential for developing more assertive interventions for health promotion, treatment, and control of COVID-19. Objective To evaluate epidemiological and operational indicators of COVID-19 surveillance in hospitalized patients in the state of Pará in 2021 by health mesoregion. Methodology A cross-sectional, analytical, and ecological epidemiological study. Data were obtained from the Epidemiological Surveillance of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome through the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance System (SIVEP-Gripe). Results A total of 18,007 severe acute respiratory syndrome surveillance reports were included. In terms of incidence, there was a significant difference in the Lower Amazon, Southwest Pará, and Southeast Pará ( p < 0.001). In terms of lethality, the highest rates were in the Lower Amazon and Metropolitan Region of Belém ( p < 0.001). In terms of mortality, significance was observed in the Lower Amazon, the Metropolitan Region of Belém, and Southwest Pará ( p < 0.001). For timely notification (80%), sample collection (80%), completion of the collection date (100%), recording of the molecular test date (100%), and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission (100%), none of the mesoregions reached the target. The criterion of confirmation, evolution, and date of evolution did not reach the target (100%) in any mesoregion. For timely case closure (80%), five mesoregions reached the goal: Lower Amazon, Marajó, Metropolitan Region of Belém, Northeast Pará, and Southeast Pará. Conclusion Differences were observed between health mesoregions in both epidemiological and operational indicators. The most affected mesoregions were the Lower Amazon, Southwest Pará, and Southeast Pará, which have high social vulnerability and are farther from the metropolitan area of Belém, where health services with better hospital and laboratory structures are concentrated

Amazon rainforest · Epidemiological surveillance · Metropolitan area · Pandemic · Psychological intervention · COVID-19 epidemiological studies · Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare · Zoonotic diseases and public health · Epidemiology

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