Referral experiences of healthcare consumers
Results from a cross-sectional study in urban slums in southeast Nigeria
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 22089344 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Chinelo Obi (0000-0002-1652-6627, University of Nigeria, corresponding author), Ifeyinwa Arize (0000-0003-4086-4148, University of Nigeria), Chukwudi Nwokolo (0000-0003-3434-0866, University of Nigeria), Benard Okechi (University of Nigeria), Bassey Ebenso (0000-0003-4147-0968, University of Leeds), Obinna Onwujekwe (0000-0002-1214-4285, University of Nigeria) |
| Year | 2025 |
| Volume | 13 |
| Pages | 1561158-1561158 |
| Publication date | 2025-05-27 |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Frontiers in Public Health (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 2296-2565 • E-ISSN: 2296-2565 |
| Publisher | Frontiers Media SA (PUBLISHER • CH) |
| DOI | 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1561158 |
| PMID | 40496460 |
| OpenAlex | W4410791960 |
| Language | EN |
| References cited | 22 |
Introduction: The inadequate referral system in Nigeria is partly due to the proliferation of informal healthcare providers (IHPs) and constraints within formal providers in urban slums. With limited data on patient referral experiences across these providers, this paper explores referral experiences in urban slums in southeast Nigeria. Methods: This study involved 1,025 people in eight slums in Enugu and Anambra states, using multi-stage purposive sampling. Data on referral experiences were collected through a pre-tested questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Ethical approval was obtained, and informed consent was secured. Results: It found that only 7.4% of patients received referrals from their primary healthcare sources, mostly from patent medicine vendors, private clinics, and primary healthcare (PHC) centres to private clinics and laboratories. Verbal referrals were the dominant modality, although the types of referrals varied significantly between facilities that initiated referrals and between states. Conclusion: This paper highlights the need for innovative solutions to integrate informal healthcare providers into the formal system, improving referrals and enhancing health services in urban slums
Cross-sectional study · Economic growth · Environmental health · Family medicine · Health care · Healthcare service · Pathology · Referral · Socioeconomics · Sociology · Global Maternal and Child Health · Healthcare Systems and Reforms · Healthcare Systems and Technology · Medicine
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| Highly cited | No |
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