Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

National Health Guidelines for Social Connection

What Is the Evidence in Support and What Might the Guidelines Say

Bibliographic Data

ID22124641
AuthorsJulianne Holt-Lunstad (0000-0003-0043-0791, Brigham Young University, corresponding author)
Year2023
Volume10
Issue1
Pages41-50
Publication date2023-03-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenuePolicy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 2372-7322 • E-ISSN: 2372-7330
PublisherSAGE Publications (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.1177/23727322221150204
OpenAlexW4324387572
LanguageEN
Citations received11
References cited55

National health guidelines provide policy makers and the public with recommendations for various behavioral factors known to promote health and reduce disease risk, such as diet and physical activity. Given public health concerns about social isolation, loneliness, and other forms of lacking social connection, the evidence supports establishing national health guidelines for “social connection.” The aggregate body of scientific evidence demonstrates social connection protects health and reduces health risks, pointing to clear relevance for public health. Taken together with national trends suggesting greater social disconnection, there is a compelling case for national preventative efforts. This article summarizes evidence on the health relevance of social connections, potential opportunities, and challenges in establishing and implementing guidelines, the process of establishing guidelines, and provides illustrative evidence-based examples of potential recommendations

Health promotion · Loneliness · Political science · Psychiatry · Public health · Public relations · Scientific evidence · Social determinants of health · Social isolation · Community Health and Development · Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations · Health disparities and outcomes · Medicine · Nursing · Psychology · Social Psychology · Health Policy

  • Are quantitative targets for social network size and interaction frequency appropriate for public health guidelines on social connection? Evidence from loneliness and related mental health outcomes

    Open Access•Jorge Andrés Delgado‐ron, Heather Orpana et al.•SSM - Population Health•2026

  • Diverse community perspectives on public health guidelines for social connection

    Open Access•Jocelle Refol, Shabnam Raufi et al.•Health Promotion International•2025

  • ‘My parkrun friends.’ A qualitative study of social experiences of men at parkrun in Ireland

    Open Access•Allison Dunne, Helen Quirk et al.•Health Promotion International•2024

  • The medicalization of loneliness

    Open Access•Sofia Hiltner•Social Problems•2026

  • Health During Relationship Transitions

    Open Access•Tatum A Jolink, Rebecca E Salomon•Policy Insights from the…•2025

  • Public Health Guidelines for Social Connection

    Open Access•Kiffer G Card, Jocelle Refol et al.•Health Policy•2025

  • Proximity to a Child and Contact Frequency With Children in the Context of Relocation

    Open Access•Joonyoung Cho•Research on Aging•2025

  • Social support and self‐efficacy serially mediate the association of strength of identification with text‐based crisis support line volunteers' compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction

    Open Access•Alanna Donnellan, Daragh Bradshaw et al.•Journal of Community & Applied…•2023

  • Behavioral activation for social connection

    Open Access•Emily Myers, Michelle Lin et al.•Journal of Social and Personal…•2026

  • From moral panic to normalization

    Open Access•Ekaterina Novozhilova, Chi Vu et al.•AI & Society•2026

  • Physical activity coaching in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

    Open Access•Nicola S Diciolla, Maria José Yuste-Sánchez et al.•Annals of Behavioral Medicine•2025

  • Loneliness before and during the Covid-19 pandemic

    Open Access•M Ernst, Daniel Niederer et al.•American Psychologist•2022

  • Social isolation, loneliness, and all-cause mortality in older men and women

    Open Access•Andrew Steptoe, Aparna Shankar et al.•Proceedings of the National…•2013

  • An overview of systematic reviews on the public health consequences of social isolation and loneliness

    Open Access•N Leigh-Hunt, D Bagguley et al.•Public Health•2017

  • Social Support and Health

    Open Access•Bert N Uchino•Journal of Behavioral Medicine•2006

  • Social Support and Physical Health

    Open Access•Bert N Uchino, Kimberly Bowen et al.•Principles and Concepts of…•2018

  • Social relationships and physiological determinants of longevity across the human life span

    Open Access•Y C Yang, Courtney Boen et al.•Proceedings of the National…•2016

  • Loneliness, social isolation and social relationships

    Open Access•Nicole Valtorta, Mona Kanaan et al.•BMJ Open•2016

  • Measuring Social Integration and Social Networks

    Ian Brissette, Sheldon Cohen et al.•Social support measurement and…•2000

  • Social Media Elements, Ecologies, and Effects

    Joseph B Bayer, Penny Trieu et al.•Annual Review of Psychology•2020

  • Social Connection as a Public Health Issue

    Open Access•Julianne Holt-Lunstad•Annual Review of Public Health•2022

  • Influences of socioeconomic status, social network, and competence on subjective well-being in later life

    Martin Pinquart, Sheiva Sorensen•Psychology and Aging•2000

  • Social Relationships and Mortality Risk

    Open Access•Julianne Holt-Lunstad, Timothy B Smith et al.•PLoS Medicine•2010

  • Loneliness and Social Isolation as Risk Factors for Mortality

    Open Access•Julianne Holt-Lunstad, Tony Bagnall Smith et al.•Perspectives on Psychological…•2015

  • Psychosocial Vulnerabilities to Upper Respiratory Infectious Illness

    Open Access•Sheldon Cohen•Perspectives on Psychological…•2021

  • Psychological and Behavioral Predictors of Vaccine Efficacy

    Open Access•Annelise A Madison, Aitor Loroño et al.•Perspectives on Psychological…•2021

  • US trends in social isolation, social engagement, and companionship ⎯ nationally and by age, sex, race/ethnicity, family income, and work hours, 2003–2020

    Open Access•Viji Diane Kannan, Peter J Veazie•SSM - Population Health•2023

  • Calling Dunbar's numbers

    Open Access•P Mac Carron, K Kaski et al.•Social Networks•2016

  • Establishing a causal link between social relationships and health using the Bradford Hill Guidelines

    Open Access•Jeremy Howick, Paul Kelly et al.•SSM - Population Health•2019

  • Impact of social integration on metabolic functions

    Open Access•Y C Yang, Ting Li et al.•BMC Public Health•2013

  • Socially isolated individuals are more prone to have newly diagnosed and prevalent type 2 diabetes mellitus - the Maastricht study

    Open Access•Stephanie Brinkhues, Nicole H T M Dukers-Muijrers et al.•BMC Public Health•2017

  • Mammary Cancer and Social Interactions

    Martha K Mcclintock, Suzanne D Conzen et al.•The Journals of Gerontology…•2005

  • Marital quality and health

    Theodore F Robles, Richard B Slatcher et al.•Psychological Bulletin•2014

  • Consequential Strangers and Peripheral Ties

    Open Access•K L Fingerman•Journal of Family Theory & Review•2009

  • Compensatory Connections? Living Alone, Loneliness, and the Buffering Role of Social Connection Among Older American and European Adults

    Open Access•M H Schafer, Haosen Sun et al.•The Journals of Gerontology…•2021

  • Effects of social network diversity on mortality, cognition and physical function in the elderly

    Talha Ali, Charlotte Juul Nilsson et al.•Journal of Epidemiology and…•2018

  • Social Isolation, Loneliness, and Living Alone

    Eric Klinenberg•American Journal of Public Health•2016

  • Social Relationships and Health

    Sheldon Cohen•American Psychologist•2004

  • Advancing social connection as a public health priority in the United States

    Julianne Holt-Lunstad, Theodore F Robles et al.•American Psychologist•2017

  • Collecting psychosocial “vital signs” in electronic health records

    Karen A Matthews, Nancy E Adler et al.•American Psychologist•2016

  • Social contact frequency and all-cause mortality

    Open Access•Eran Shor, David J Roelfs•Social Science & Medicine•2015

  • Social cure, what social cure? The propensity to underestimate the importance of social factors for health

    Open Access•Alexander Haslam, Charlotte Mcmahon et al.•Social Science & Medicine•2018

  • From social integration to health

    Open Access•Lisa F Berkman, Lisa Berkman et al.•Social Science & Medicine•2000

  • Social support, social strain, loneliness, and well-being among older adults

    Open Access•Yixin Chen, Thomas Hugh Feeley•Journal of Social and Personal…•2014

Unique citing works11
Citations per year3,67
Citation span2023 - 2026 (4)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 10

Tools

Open DOIOpen Access
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae