Boundaries of the effectiveness of community policing in urban space research

Research objective: This article undertakes a systematic analysis of the limitations of community policing effectiveness in urban spaces, with particular focus on implementation barriers, variability of effects across different socio-economic contexts, and identification of factors determining the success or failure of this policing model. Methodology: A systematic review of scientific literature from 2020-2025 was applied, along with comparative analysis of experimental and quasi-experimental studies, and meta-analysis of available empirical data from various geographic and social contexts. Main conclusions: Community policing demonstrates significant variability in effectiveness depending on implementation context. Experimental studies indicate lack of clear crime reduction effects, while identifying potential negative effects with improper implementation. Key barriers include: insufficient financial resources (78% of studies), hierarchical police structures (65% of cases), and low levels of community engagement (70% of communities). Particularly problematic is the "boomerang effect" - 200% increase in crime in areas with low intervention levels. Application of the study: The research provides practical recommendations for policymakers responsible for public safety policy, indicating the need to adapt community policing strategies to local conditions and ensure adequate levels of resources and engagement. Originality/Novelty of the study: The article represents the first comprehensive analysis of community policing limitations in the post-COVID-19 era, incorporating the latest randomized studies and identifying new challenges related to digitization and social changes

Community engagement · Community policing · Crime control · Crime prevention · Empirical research · Systematic review · Crime Patterns and Interventions · Crime, Deviance, and Social Control