Peacemaking after Defeat in England in 991 and Northern Song China in 1005
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 22135482 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Andrew Wareham (0000-0002-8666-2341, University of Roehampton, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2023 |
| Volume | medieval worlds |
| Issue | 18. 2023 |
| Pages | 108-136 |
| Publication date | 2023-01-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Medieval Worlds (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 2412-3196 • E-ISSN: 2412-3196 |
| Publisher | Osterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Verlag (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1553/medievalworlds_no18_2023s108 |
| OpenAlex | W4382992690 |
| Language | EN |
| References cited | 13 |
This article uses a global history framework to compare peacemaking at the turn of the eleventh century between the English and the Vikings with that of the Northern Song and Kitan Liao dynasties in China. The article investigates the factors which shaped peacemaking after the English and the Northern Song dynasty suffered defeats, and the political influences which led to the decision to pay tribute to the Vikings and the Liao Empire respectively. The strategies of chief councillor Kou Zhun (1004-1006 CE) in advising Song Zhenzong (997-1022) provide a point of reference to identify salient points for further investigation on the English side. The Chinese data highlights the importance of religiously sanctioned letters, the nature of political scapegoating, and the cultural and tactical advantages enjoyed by the Liao Empire in the negotiations. A more extensive discussion follows on the English side with detailed investigation of annals to show how the peace agreement after the Battle of Maldon was re-evaluated between c. 1000 and c. 1020, and how Sigeric, archbishop of Canterbury (990-94), became a political scapegoat for tribute payments to the Vikings during the reign of Æthelred II, king of the English (978-1016). Ecclesiastical letters and lists of authority are then used to understand the political stance and strategy of Sigeric, linked to discussion of diplomatic missions between the papacy, England and Normandy. The article adopts a comparative approach to take fuller account of the influences upon advisers and domestic politics in explaining the issues at stake in peacemaking after the English and Northern Song were defeated by those they regarded as »barbarians«, and shows how global history can be used to deepen understanding of the factors at work in peacemaking in different regions of Asia and Europe
Ancient history · Battle · China · Eleventh · Empire · Peacemaking · Political science · Politics · Reign · Scapegoat · Sociology · Tribute · Chinese history and philosophy · History · Law · Medieval Literature and History
The Formation of the English Kingdom in the Tenth Century
Framing the Early Middle Ages
Heimskringla, or the Lives of the Norse Kings
Climate, History And The Modern World
The Reunification of China
The Chinese Market Economy, 1000–1500
Against the Grain
The transformation of kinship and the family in late Anglo‐Saxon England
Canterbury and Flanders in the late tenth century
Archbishop Sigeric's journey to Rome in 990
The hermeneutic style in tenth-century Anglo-Latin literature
A Tale of Two Kings
Protected Rimlands and Exposed Zones
| Citation velocity | historical |
|---|---|
| Highly cited | No |