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Assessing school happiness

Development and validation of a measurement scale for parents/guardians

Bibliographic Data

ID22166379
AuthorsPatrícia Gramaxo (0000-0003-3797-7109, Universidade Aberta, corresponding author), Alvaro Dias (0000-0003-3560-4595, Iscte – Instituto Universitário de Lisboa), Álvaro Lopes Dias (0000-0003-4074-1586, Iscte – Instituto Universitário de Lisboa), Marta Abelha (0000-0001-7105-3722, Universidade Aberta), Georg Dutschke (0000-0002-3352-3938, Atlântica Instituto Universitário), Filipa Seabra (0000-0003-1690-9502, Universidade Aberta, corresponding author)
Year2025
Volume10
Publication date2025-06-13
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueFrontiers in Education (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 2504-284X • E-ISSN: 2504-284X
PublisherFrontiers Media SA (PUBLISHER • CH)
DOI10.3389/feduc.2025.1549751
OpenAlexW4411292713
LanguageEN
Citations received2
References cited25

Introduction Parents are one of the stakeholders in evaluating schools, and families’ perspectives about schools are increasingly acknowledged as essential to educational decision-making. However, little is known about how parents’ perspectives on school happiness can be assessed. This article proposes a model for evaluating school happiness as perceived by parents/guardians. Methods Data were obtained through questionnaires administered to 641 parents. The model was tested using structural equation modeling techniques. Results The results identified four main components: relationships and teachers’ characteristics (People), teaching practice (Process), learning/leisure balance (Process), and green school (Place). Discussion The article discusses the development and validation of an instrument that can be used with parents/caretakers as one of the means of assessing a school’s overall happiness level and identifying key aspects to improve a school’s level of happiness. Implications for future research on the evaluation of happy schools are also discussed

Cartography · Geography · Happiness · Applied Psychology · Computer Science · Early Childhood Education and Development · Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction · Psychology · Resilience and Mental Health · Social Psychology

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Unique citing works2
Citations per year2
Citation span2026 - 2026 (1)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 2

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