Mediation and Lok Adalat

The global judicial landscape is increasingly strained by case backlogs, prolonged litigation, and escalating costs, prompting a shift toward alternative dispute resolution (ADR) mechanisms. In India, where the judiciary grapples with over 50 million pending cases (as of 2025), mediation and Lok Adalat have emerged as critical tools for delivering accessible, efficient, and equitable justice. These mechanisms aim to resolve disputes amicably, reduce court burdens, and promote social harmony, particularly for marginalized communities. However, despite their potential, both mediation and Lok Adalat face significant systemic, cultural, and operational challenges that limit their effectiveness. This article provides a comprehensive examination of mediation and Lok Adalat, their legal and operational frameworks, their benefits, and the key challenges and issues impeding their success. It concludes with detailed recommendations for reforms to enhance their efficacy in India’s diverse and complex socio-legal landscape