Retrospective cohort analysis of annual physical examination results in a Philippine state university, 2022–2024
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 22205073 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Alex S Borromeo (0009-0009-0794-6847, Bulacan State University, corresponding author), Allan M Manaloto (Bulacan State University), Rhealeen V Vicedo (Bulacan State University), Ramon D Laderas (Bulacan State University), Rhenelee C Viray, Rhenelee Viray (Bulacan State University), Rommel B Punongbayan (Bulacan State University) |
| Year | 2026 |
| Volume | 13 |
| Pages | 102981 |
| Publication date | 2026-06-01 |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Social Sciences & Humanities Open (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 2590-2911 • E-ISSN: 2590-2911 |
| Publisher | Elsevier BV (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.ssaho.2026.102981 |
| OpenAlex | W7162698030 |
| Language | EN |
| References cited | 41 |
Introduction Annual physical examinations (APEs) are widely used in workplace health programs, yet multi-year evidence on faculty health trends in Philippine universities remains limited. This study analyzed three consecutive years of faculty-specific APE data from a Philippine state university to examine health trends and their implications for institutional workforce health planning. Method This retrospective cohort study used de-identified APE records from 2022 to 2024. A total of 491 faculty members with complete three-year records formed the analytic cohort. Trends in metabolic, hepatic, renal, urinary, and cardiopulmonary indicators were examined, and 2024 biochemical markers were clustered to identify risk profiles. Results The APE data showed a mixed pattern of change across health domains. Glycemic risk increased over time, particularly among older faculty, while lipid, urinary, and cardiopulmonary indicators showed more favorable patterns by 2024. Female faculty continued to show higher urinary abnormality rates, and cluster analysis identified a subgroup with higher hepatic–renal–uric load, more commonly observed among male faculty. These findings highlight both biomedical risks and broader institutional concerns related to workforce health, sex-specific vulnerability, and the need for sustained monitoring. Conclusions In this retrospective observational cohort, repeated institutional APE data provided evidence of emerging metabolic risks and favorable trends in other health domains. The findings should not be interpreted as evidence of causal effectiveness, but they may inform risk-stratified, data-driven faculty wellness planning focused on glycemic control, urinary health, cardiometabolic monitoring, and institutional follow-up
Cohort · Cohort study · Physical examination · Population · Retrospective cohort study · Children's Physical and Motor Development · Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention · Physical Education and Training Studies
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| Highly cited | No |
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