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How have music emotions been described in Google books? Historical trends and corpus differences

Bibliographic Data

ID22235366
AuthorsL Xu (0000-0003-3889-927X, Zhejiang University of Technology, corresponding author), Min Xu (0000-0002-8940-1614, Zhejiang University of Technology), Zehua Jiang (0009-0005-2868-324X, Zhejiang University), Xin Wen (0000-0002-2558-3930, Zhejiang University), Yishan Liu (0000-0003-2804-4710, Zhejiang University), Zaoyi Sun (0000-0002-4551-3606, Zhejiang University of Technology), Hongting Li (0000-0002-1015-5634, Zhejiang University of Technology, corresponding author), Xiuying Qian (0000-0003-2118-7487, Zhejiang University, corresponding author)
Year2023
Volume10
Issue1
Publication date2023-06-22
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueHumanities and Social Sciences Communications (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 2662-9992 • E-ISSN: 2662-9992
PublisherSpringer Science and Business Media LLC (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1057/s41599-023-01853-1
OpenAlexW4381682190
LanguageEN
Citations received3
References cited75

Human records can assist us in understanding real descriptions and expected ideals of music. The present work examined how have music emotions been described in millions of Google books. In general, positive adjectives were more regularly used to describe music than negative adjectives, demonstrating a positivity bias in music. The emotional depiction of music has shifted over time, including a decrease in the frequency of emotional adjectives used in English books over the past two centuries, and a sudden surge in the usage of positive adjectives in simplified Chinese books during China’s Cultural Revolution. Negative adjectives were substantially less employed to describe music in simplified Chinese books than in English books, reflecting cultural differences. Finally, a comparison of different corpora showed that emotion-related adjectives were more frequently used to describe music in fictional literature

Art · China · Cultural revolution · Depiction · Linguistics · Literature · Popular music · Advanced Text Analysis Techniques · History · Language, Metaphor, and Cognition · Media Influence and Health · Philosophy · Psychology

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Unique citing works3
Citations per year3
Citation span2025 - 2026 (2)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 3

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