Abdominal Tuberculosis in a Young Female Immigrant–“the Great Masquerader” in a Nonendemic Country–a Case Report and Literature Review

Background: Tuberculosis (TB), primarily recognized as a pulmonary disease, can manifest in various extrapulmonary forms, with abdominal tuberculosis (ATB) being one of the most common. Abdominal tuberculosis is one of the diseases known as “the great imitator” – it can mimic the clinical presentation of various diseases that are more common, such as appendicitis, acute cholecystitis, colitis, and some malignant diseases such as colon or stomach neoplasms. Diagnosis of ATB is often delayed, especially if a clinician in a nonendemic country does not include ATB in the differential diagnosis. Given the rising migration of people from the endemic to the nonendemic countries, we believe it is mandatory to raise consciousness about this clinical entity, as well as to lower a threshold to include ATB in the differential diagnosis. Objective: We present a case of a 31-year-old patient from Nepal, who was admitted through the emergency department of General Hospital Zabok, Croatia, with signs of acute abdomen, later successfully diagnosed and treated for ATB. Case presentation: We also deliver a brief literature review, summarizing the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms for ATB. Migrations are inevitably changing the vaccination status and epidemiological risks of any host country. Conclusion: Medical personnel should keep upgrading and revising their knowledge of the “usual suspects” whilst differentially diagnosing both immigrants and non-immigrants, in order to make timely and good quality diagnosis and treatment

Abdominal pain · Differential diagnosis · Disease · Intensive care medicine · Pathology · Tuberculosis · Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis · Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis · Medicine · Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology · Epidemiology · Pediatrics · Surgery