Characterization and Conservation Study of Ancient Egyptian Bronze Bells

Dados Bibliográficos

ID22338239
AutoresMohamed Abdelbar (0000-0002-5410-5209, Damietta University, autor correspondente), Abdelbar M
Ano2021
Volume11
Fascículo2
Páginas165-174
Data de publicação2021-12-01
Peer ReviewedSim
Open AccessNão
TipoARTICLE
PeriódicoEgyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies (JOURNAL)
Identificadores do periódicoISSN: 2090-4932 • E-ISSN: 2090-4940
EditoraEgypts Presidential Specialized Council for Education and Scientific Research (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.21608/ejars.2021.210367
OpenAlexW4206824657
IdiomaEN
Citações recebidas3
Referências citadas2

Two Bronze Bells were excavated through the Egyptian- Italian expedition in Medinet Madi, Fayoum, Egypt. They are dated back to the Late Period (664-332 BC) preserved in the store museum of Kom Oshim, Fayoum governorate. They were manufactured by the lost wax process. Visual examination, USB digital microscope, metallographic examination, scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectroscopy, portable X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction were used in this study to elucidate the micro-structure and elemental chemical composition of the bells, and identify the corrosion morphology. The results indicated that the bells had been manufactured with a ternary alloy Cu-Sn-Pb. Two-phased microstructure the α-Cu phase and the (α-Cu+δ-Sn) eutectoid could be observed with Pb small globules and scattered porosity. The corrosion products were identified as atacamite, paratacamite and malachite for the bronze bell, and goethite for the iron clapper. Conservation treatments included cleaning and protection processes to reveal the bells shape and provide better protection against corrosion

Ancient history · Archaeology · Bronze · Geography · Ancient Egypt and Archaeology · Building materials and conservation · Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis · History