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Resumo

Julian Steward's article, "American Culture History in the Light of South America," challenges the prevailing North American-centric perspective on cultural development in the Americas. He argues that South American archaeological and ethnographic data reveal a more complex and diverse picture of cultural evolution than previously acknowledged. Steward critiques the tendency to view South American cultures as stagnant or derivative of North American influences, emphasizing the independent development of complex societies in the Andes and other regions. He introduces the concept of "multilinear evolution," suggesting that cultures adapt to specific environmental and historical circumstances, leading to diverse evolutionary trajectories. Steward advocates for a comparative approach that considers both similarities and differences across cultures, urging scholars to incorporate South American data into broader understandings of American culture history.

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