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Human/Environment Dichotomy

Bibliographic Data

ID22367679
AuthorsH Kopnina (0000-0001-7617-2288, The Hague University of Applied Sciences, corresponding author)
Year2019
Pages1-8
Publication date2019-12-21
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeOTHER
VenueThe International Encyclopedia of Anthropology (JOURNAL)
PublisherWiley (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1002/9781118924396.wbiea2397
OpenAlexW2981541031
ISBN9781118924396
LanguageEN
References cited39

This entry begins by reviewing the definitions of “human,” “environment,” and “dichotomy,” consequently turning to the debates concerning the human–environment relationship. Synthesizing various studies, it supposes that advanced tool use, language, hypersociality, advanced cognition, morality, civilization, technology, and free will are distinctly human. However, other studies describe how nonhuman organisms share these same abilities. The biophysical or natural environment is often associated with all living and nonliving things that occur naturally. The environment also refers to ecosystems or habitats, including all living organisms or species. The concepts of the biophysical or natural environment are often opposed to the concepts of built or modified environment, which is artificial, that is, constructed or influenced by humans. The built or modified environment typically refers to structures or spaces from gardens to car parks. Today, one of the central questions in regard to human–environment dichotomies centers around the concept of sustainability

Biology · Built environment · Civilization · Cognitive science · Dichotomy · Environmental ethics · Epistemology · Geography · Human use · Non-human · Sociology · Environmental Philosophy and Ethics · Geographies of human-animal interactions · Human-Animal Interaction Studies · Philosophy · Psychology · Ecology

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