Variables, Dependent

Research involves the identification and description of characteristics of organisms, objects, events, and locations. When these characteristics can take on different values (e.g., when they differ between people or from one time to another for the same person), they are referred to as variables . The variables involved in any particular research study are determined by the interests and intentions of the researcher. Much research focuses on the relationships between variables, particularly causal relationships . In such research, dependent variables are the presumed outcomes or effects of independent variables . In research about causal relationships, measurement (i.e., systematic assignment of numerical values to variables) of the dependent variable (or multiple dependent variables) is used to determine if the independent variable had the hypothesized effect or predicted relationship. For example, people's income might be measured to see if it is dependent on or predicted by their occupation. Their occupation, in turn, might be measured to see if it is dependent on or predicted by their education level. Thus, depending on the focus of a study or model, the same variable may function as a dependent variable or independent variable

Biology · Econometrics · Statistics · Variables · Mathematics · Psychology · Sensory Analysis and Statistical Methods · Social Psychology · Statistical Methods and Applications · Ecology

• Educational measurement.

  Robert Morris William Travers•Educational measurement.•1955

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