Color Helps Consumers Notice and Understand Contract Terms
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 22412596 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Alessandro Romano (0000-0002-2041-5487), Amanda Rose, Chiara Sotis (0000-0001-9367-0932) |
| Year | 2026 |
| Volume | 55 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 511-544 |
| Publication date | 2026-06-01 |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | The Journal of Legal Studies (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0047-2530 • E-ISSN: 1537-5366 |
| Publisher | University of Chicago Press (PUBLISHER • US) |
| DOI | 10.1086/742145 |
| OpenAlex | W7169522900 |
| Language | EN |
| References cited | 25 |
Consumers seldom read or understand the terms of online contracts, even when those terms are visible on-screen. Across three experiments we show that using color to highlight a target clause can markedly improve consumers’ visual recognition, unprompted understanding, and information-retrieval measures without decreasing their understanding of untreated clauses. By contrast, the prevailing approach of presenting a target clause in all capital letters is ineffective. A webcam eye-tracking study suggests that color may work by making the target clause visually distinctive—consistent with the isolation effect—without increasing reading time. However, we observe that color is less effective once multiple clauses are highlighted. These findings chart a practical route for strengthening conspicuousness standards in contract law.
Consumer protection · Notice · Color perception and design · Color Science and Applications · Dye analysis and toxicity
| Highly cited | No |
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