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Slow Codes, Ethics, and Empirical Inquiry

A Reply to Lu and Lederman

Bibliographic Data

ID22414739
AuthorsPhilipp Sprengholz (0000-0002-9925-1920, Institute of Psychology University of Bamberg Germany, corresponding author)
Year2026
Publication date2026-07-15
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueBioethics (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0269-9702 • E-ISSN: 1467-8519
PublisherWiley (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1111/bioe.70160
PMID42455602
OpenAlexW7168430264
LanguageEN
References cited8

Slow codes occupy a contested position in clinical ethics, yet systematic evidence on public attitudes toward this practice remains limited. In response to criticisms raised by Lu and Lederman (2026), this article clarifies the aims, assumptions, and methodological limits of my original study on public moral judgments of slow codes. I argue that the original findings are not undermined by nonrepresentative sampling, gaps in lay knowledge, or framing artifacts, but rather reflect how nonprofessionals reason about end‐of‐life decisions under uncertainty. The response positions empirical moral psychology as a complementary contribution to clinical ethics and invites continued interdisciplinary dialogue on ethically contested practices such as slow codes.

Bioethics · Clinical Ethics · Empirical evidence · Empirical research · Ethics in medical practice · Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs · Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment

  • Data quality in online human-subjects research

    Open Access•Benjamin D Douglas, Patrick J Ewell et al.•PLoS ONE•2023

  • Response Paper

    Open Access•Ching Ching Zoe Lu, Zohar Lederman•Bioethics•2026

  • Public preferences regarding slow codes in critical care

    Open Access•Philipp Sprengholz•Bioethics•2025

  • Cracking the code of the slow code

    Open Access•Erica Andrist, Jacqueline Meadow et al.•Bioethics•2025

Citation velocityhistorical
Highly citedNo

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Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae