Study method for a single-arm, multi-center implementation study of strategies for use by healthcare professionals in offering smokers an adapted proactive referral for online smoking cessation treatment in health check-up settings

A hybrid type 3 effectiveness-implementation study (N-Equity2405)

Datos Bibliográficos

ID22433401
AutoresKeiichi Yuwaki (National Cancer Center), Taichi Shimazu (0000-0001-6000-9830, National Cancer Center, autor de correspondencia), Chie Taniguchi (0000-0002-2529-8697, Aichi Medical University), Miyuki Odawara (0000-0002-0682-089X, National Cancer Center), Junko Saito (0000-0002-8908-1120, National Cancer Center), Aya Kuchiba (0000-0002-6786-3527, National Cancer Center), Manami Inoue (0000-0003-1276-2398, National Cancer Center), Hirohito Sone (0000-0003-1263-2817, Niigata University), Masakazu Nakamura (0000-0003-4128-7653, National Cancer Center), Kiminori Kato (0000-0001-6935-8615, Niigata University)
Año2026
Volumen14
Fecha de publicación2026-07-15
Peer ReviewedSí
Open AccessSí
TipoARTICLE
RevistaFrontiers in Public Health (JOURNAL)
Identificadores de la revistaISSN: 2296-2565 • E-ISSN: 2296-2565
EditorialFrontiers Media SA (PUBLISHER • CH)
DOI10.3389/fpubh.2026.1843479
OpenAlexW7168402959
IdiomaEN
Referencias citadas48

Introduction Proactive referral, defined as a strategy to connect smokers with smoking cessation programs under the responsibility of healthcare professionals, is effective in increasing the uptake of such programs. A feasibility study in a health check-up setting of the Brief Tobacco Intervention with Proactive Referral (BTI-PR), our smoker-level implementation strategy for smoking cessation treatment (SCT), revealed that the BTI-PR could be delivered to 85.7% of smokers as intended by healthcare professionals following provider-level guidance on implementation, which included educational sessions and the provision of materials. The present study aimed to estimate smoker uptake of SCT following a multifaceted, provider-level implementation strategy in Japanese real-world health check-up settings. Methods This single-arm, multi-center, uncontrolled hybrid type 3 effectiveness-implementation study is focused on providing stakeholders with the evidence necessary to support adoption of the BTI-PR together with its provider-level implementation strategy. The BTI-PR is a smoker-level implementation strategy for SCT which acts by motivating smokers to schedule an online SCT appointment by themselves. The provider-level implementation strategy consists of eight components: (a) conduct a training session, (b) provide a guide on the BTI-PR, (c) provide a checksheet for the BTI-PR, (d) provide a flyer on the online SCT, (e) conduct a kickoff meeting and request to discuss pre-specifiable matters, (f) schedule a pre-implementation phase, (g) request holding a review meeting and report, and (h) conduct a plenary meeting to share local knowledge. Primary outcome is the penetration of online SCT, namely the proportion of smokers eligible for the BTI-PR who attend the first session of the online SCT within 3 months after receiving the BTI-PR. Results Data collection was completed in February 2026. A total of 24 healthcare professionals who received the provider-level implementation strategy delivered the BTI-PR to smokers to explore the primary outcome. The final analyses were commenced in March 2026. Conclusion This study is expected to support the adoption of proactive referral together with an implementation strategy in health check-up settings, although causal inference remains limited. The findings will contribute to the implementation of effective smoking cessation support into preventive health services. Trial registration number https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000064502 ; UMIN-CTR, number UMIN000056447.

Health care · Health professionals · Psychological intervention · Referral · Schedule · Smoking cessation · Telemedicine · Diabetes Management and Education · Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention · Smoking Behavior and Cessation