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Resumo

Sociologists have not adequately explored how Du Bois' concept of double consciousness could be used to study the role of cisnormative oppression in self-formation or how it could enrich studies of self-formation beyond the Atlantic world. This article addresses these gaps by merging postcolonial feminist theory and the concept of double consciousness to analyze kathoey self-formation. Kathoey are gender nonconforming (GNC) individuals in Thailand who are assigned male at birth and live as women. Drawing upon participant observation, in-depth interviews, and content analysis, I propose an extension to double consciousness called 'paired double consciousness.' This framework explains how cisnormative and neocolonial oppression lead kathoey to experience two veils. The first veil divides self-formation between kathoey and dominant cisgender worlds within Thai society, which produces 'gender double consciousness.' The second veil divides self-formation between kathoey and dominant transgender worlds within a global community, which creates 'transnational double consciousness.'

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