Doing Gender by Criticizing Leaders

Public and Private Displays of Status

Bibliographic Data

ID2245197
AuthorsTrenton D Mize (0000-0002-9654-3709, Purdue University, corresponding author)
Year2019
Volume66
Issue1
Pages86-107
Publication date2019-02-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueSocial Problems (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0037-7791 • E-ISSN: 1533-8533
PublisherOxford University Press (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1093/socpro/spx032
OpenAlexW2774619181
LanguageEN
Citations received8
References cited42

Previous work shows that stereotypes influence women’s ability to attain and act in leadership positions, however much less work has examined the role that gendered expectations and stereotypes might play for subordinate behavior and how this might reinforce the gender leadership gap. Drawing on theories of gender and status, I predict gender differences in responses to—and behavior in—subordinate roles. In a series of experimental studies I find that men are more publicly critical of leaders and more willing to undermine leaders than are women. In two studies I find that men are more publicly critical in both high and low status subordinate roles, and under both men and women leaders. In a third study, I find that men and women do not differ in their private behavior or evaluations of a leader and that gender differences in subordinate behavior and evaluations only arise in publicly visible evaluations, behavior, and criticism. Gender differences in public behavior and evaluation may be due to men exaggerating their criticism to restore a threatened sense of status or masculinity, or due to women tempering their criticism due to gender stereotypes that discourage assertive and critical behavior for women. Either explanation suggests that men and women perform gendered expectations in public and behave in ways that can disadvantage women leaders.

Assertiveness · Criticism · Disadvantage · Gender role · Masculinity · Political science · Sociology · Gender Diversity and Inequality · Gender Politics and Representation · Gender Roles and Identity Studies · Gender Studies · Psychology · Social Psychology

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