Thinking about social mutualism in transhumant farming in Croatia

A close focus on the observed interaction type is essential to academic biological writing on mutualism and other symbiotic interactions. Through their observations, scholars note slight shifts in the forms these interactions take, meaning that they are not fixed but can shift according to changes - e.g. in the ecological context. When thinking about human/animal dairy interactions, it is tempting to think about them as purely parasitic. Humans take milk from animals for their own needs and harm the animals. However, borrowing biological approaches that closely focus on the interactions between actors, this article suggests that it is possible to see mutualistic interactions at specific points within dairy relations. In transhumant farming relations in Croatia, we need to account for evidence of mutualism

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