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Photography and the comparative method

The Construction of an Anthropological Archive

Bibliographic Data

ID2267997
AuthorsChristopher Morton (0000-0002-3358-591X, University of Oxford, corresponding author)
Year2012
Volume18
Issue2
Pages369-396
Publication date2012-06-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueJournal of the Royal Anthropological Institute (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1359-0987 • E-ISSN: 1467-9655
PublisherWiley (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1111/j.1467-9655.2012.01748.x
OpenAlexW1504751775
LanguageEN
Citations received7
References cited19

In 1931-2, Henry Balfour, the Curator of the Pitt Rivers Museum at the University of Oxford, decided to create a systematic archive out of the collection of ethnographic photographs that he had actively collected for the Museum over many years. The result was a series of thematically arranged boxes intended to form a cross-cultural research resource. The archival groupings formed pose a series of questions about the legacy of cultural comparativism in the twentieth century as it emerged from Victorian socio-cultural evolutionism and typological classification, and how it has been rethought within a shifting intellectual rationale for the ethnographic museum in more recent times. The article both examines the specific genealogy and broader historical contexts for the comparative method within the Pitt Rivers Museum itself, as well placing it within the context of other archival projects of the 1930s. Through a comparison with the photograph collection of the Warburg Institute, which was reorganized along similar lines at a similar period, we understand Balfour's project not simply as a final efflorescence of Victorian museum anthropology, but also as part of a wider universalizing archival movement of the inter-war period. The article seeks to understand why the archive series Balfour created was not continued by subsequent curators at the Museum, arguing that the postcolonial period brought with it significant challenges to the identity and role of ethnographic museums, and especially the intellectual underpinnings of cultural comparativism, and that these challenges were engaged with by reinterpreting arrangement by type within a general humanist agenda.RésuméEn 1931-1932, Henry Balfour, conservateur du Pitt Rivers Museum à l'Université d'Oxford, décida de créer des archives systématiques à partir de la collection de photographies ethnographiques qu'il avait recueillie au fil des années pour son musée. Le résultat tient dans une série de boîtes classées par thèmes, censées constituer une ressource pour les recherches interculturelles. Les regroupements ainsi archivés posent une série de questions sur l'héritage du comparativisme culturel au XXème siècle, tel qu'il est né de l'évolutionnisme socioculturel victorien et de la classification typologique, et la manière dont il a été repensé plus récemment, avec l'évolution du cadre de justification intellectuelle du musée ethnographique. L'article examine spécifiquement la généalogie de la méthode comparative et, plus largement, son contexte historique, au Pitt Rivers Museum lui-même et dans le contexte d'autres projets d'archivage des années 1930. Une comparaison avec la collection photographique de l'Institut Warburg, réorganisé vers la même époque et selon des principes similaires, fait apparaître le projet de Balfour non plus simplement comme une simple efflorescence de l'anthropologie muséographique victorienne, mais aussi comme un élément d'un mouvement d'archivage plus large, universalisant, pendant l'entre-deux-guerres. L'article cherche à comprendre pourquoi la série d'archives créée par Balfour n'a pas été continuée par les conservateurs suivants du musée. Selon l'auteur, la période postcoloniale a fortement remis en question l'identité et le rôle des musées ethnographiques et notamment les fondements intellectuels du comparativisme culturel, et la réponse à cette remise en question a pris la forme d'une réinterprétation de la classification typologique au sein d'un système global humaniste

Aesthetics · Archaeology · Art · Art history · Context (archaeology · Epistemology · Ethnography · Evolutionism · Humanism · Period (music · Political science · Sociology · Visual arts · Anthropology · Geographies of human-animal interactions · History · Law · Museums and Cultural Heritage · Philosophy · Photography and Visual Culture

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Unique citing works7
Citations per year0,58
Citation span2014 - 2026 (13)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 7
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