Urbanization, Disadvantage, and Petty Entrepreneurship
Street Peddling among African American Men in Southern and Northern Cities during the Early Twentieth Century
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 2274581 |
|---|---|
| Authors | R L Boyd (0000-0001-8729-7430, University of International Relations, corresponding author) |
| Year | 1999 |
| Volume | 69 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 216-235 |
| Publication date | 1999-04-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Sociological Inquiry (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0038-0245 • E-ISSN: 1475-682X |
| Publisher | Wiley (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1111/j.1475-682x.1999.tb00500.x |
| OpenAlex | W1996417599 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 3 |
| References cited | 32 |
Two theories attempt to explain why minority groups are often involved in small-scale entrepreneurial activities. The urban adjustment hypothesis holds that when such groups urbanize, their members establish themselves economically through self-employment in pursuits that require little start-up capital. The disadvantage theory argues that exclusion from the labor market impels members of oppressed groups to become self-employed in marginal enterprises. Applying these theories, I use census data to analyze the participation of African American men in street peddling during the pre-World War II era. Consistent with the urban adjustment hypothesis, the involvement of African American men in street peddling increased markedly when African Americans urbanized during the period from 1890 to 1940. Consistent with disadvantage theory, the involvement of African American men in street peddling was positively associated with labor market disadvantage. Finally, in southern cities, African American men were overrepresented in street peddling, a finding that suggests that these men had a niche in the petty-trading sector of the South's informal economy
Capital (architecture) · Census · Demographic economics · Development economics · Disadvantage · Economic geography · Economic growth · Economics · Entrepreneurship · Geography · Political science · Sociology · Urbanization · Demography · Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences · Law · Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy · Taxation and Compliance Studies
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Negroes in cities
Race, Ethnicity and Entrepreneurship in Urban America
Elements of Econometrics
The handbook of economic sociology
Toward a Theory of Minority Group Relations
Race Relations in the Urban South, 1865-1890
Competition and Coercion
Ethnic Enterprise in America
A Piece of the Pie
Racial Occupational Inequality in Southern Metropolitan Areas, 1940--1980
Occupational representation by race, ethnicity, and residence in turn-of-the-century New Orleans
Ethnic America, A History
African Americans in the City
Toward a New African American Urban History
The Ecology of a Black Business District
Racial Differences in Unemployment in the United States, 1890–1990
Racism, Slavery, and Free Enterprise
Farewell--We're Good and Gone
The Ethnic Vice Industry, 1880-1944
Unwelcome Immigrants
Race, Regional Labor Markets and Earnings
Urban Structure and the Differentiation Between Blacks and Whites
Negro Business and Business Education
The Negro as a Local Business Man
Disadvantaged Minorities in Self-Employment
Racial Occupational Inequality in Southern Metropolitan Areas, 1940-1980
Small Entrepreneurship in a Developing Society
Inequality and the Relative Size of Minority Populations
| Unique citing works | 3 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 0,15 |
| Citation span | 2006 - 2012 (7) |
| Citation velocity | historical |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 3 |