Citizenship as a caste marker

How persons experience cross-national inequality

Bibliographic Data

ID2306262
AuthorsAna Velitchkova (0000-0002-7237-6969, University of Mississippi, corresponding author)
Year2023
Volume71
Issue5
Pages705-724
Publication date2023-09-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueCurrent Sociology (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0011-3921 • E-ISSN: 1461-7064
PublisherSAGE Publications Inc (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1177/00113921211028644
OpenAlexW3178982715
LanguageEN
References cited18

Extrapolating a recent conceptualization of caste from India to the global level, this article argues that persons experience cross-national inequalities via their citizenship as a caste marker. Rather than imagine castes as features of the fixed pre-modern Hindu social order, the article posits that castes are variable modern ascriptive social hierarchies subject to contestation and change in which economic and social distinctions are maintained through physical and symbolic violence. The study shows how, globally, nation-states exert physical and symbolic violence to normalize cross-national inequalities instituting a global citizenship-based caste order. This approach recognizes the importance of both global material relations emphasized by world-systems approaches and of symbolic structures central to global institutionalist approaches. The study also underscores persons' positions and experiences confronting nation-states' might. Power struggles concentrated on nation-states result in variability of global relations' mutually reinforcing material and symbolic dimensions. The author uses caste features that appear 'essential' (i.e. ascriptive social closure, 'ethnic,' 'religious,' and 'purity' distinctions) as heuristics for identifying possible locations of caste construction and contestation, and identifies citizenship rules, nation-states' territorial nature, nationalism, and visa, border, and naturalization rituals as such caste development sites. Vulnerable groups (stateless persons, refugees, migrants) both challenge the citizenship caste order and experience viscerally its physical and symbolic violence

Caste · Citizenship · Political economy · Political science · Politics · Sociology · Anthropological Studies and Insights · Gender Studies · Law · Political Conflict and Governance · Social and Economic Development in India

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