Arnold on Empedocles

Discussion of the sources of Empedocles on Etna has almost entirely neglected the contribution of the historical Empedocles himself My argument is that Arnold presents Empedocles as the source of both Stoical and Romantic pantheism,but also of the philosophy of self-consciousness which in his conception opposes and viriates that The fragmented form in which Empedocles' thought has descended provides him with a parallel to these intellectual contradictions, and allows him to extend both by analogy to the problems of Christian bibliography and provenance as these evolved in the mid-ninetoenth century

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