The Great Schism

Bibliographic Data

ID23247268
AuthorsHoward Kaminsky (corresponding author)
Year2000
Pages674-696
Publication date2000-04-27
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeCHAPTER
PublisherCambridge University Press (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.1017/chol9780521362900.030
OpenAlexW2486057430
ISBN9780521362900
LanguageEN
Citations received3
References cited29

the southern French popes who ruled the universal Church from Avignon during most of the fourteenth century brought papal monarchy and the papalist ecclesiology that justified it to their highest pitch. What drove them chiefly was the need for enormously higher revenues to finance the endless wars that they fought to subdue the Papal States in Italy. For at the core of Avignon’s papal monarchy was a rampant ‘fiscalism’ in which the steady extension of papal rights of provision to benefices steadily generated new or heightened impositions on clerical revenues. But the communes and signorie of the Papal States never learned to accept their French overlords and in 1375 they joined Florence in war against them. The seventh Avignon pope, Gregory XI (1370–8), realising that papal domination could not be consolidated from afar, gave ear to pious voices urging a return to Rome and decided to make the move; he left Avignon in 1376 along with seventeen of his twenty-three cardinals and hundreds of officials of the papal curia, mostly French; only six cardinals and a reduced staff were left behind. The papal party entered Rome on 17 January 1377; just over a year later Gregory was dead.

Abbé · Ancient history · Art history · Monarchy · Political science · Politics · Revenue · Schism · History · Law · Medieval and Early Modern Justice · Medieval Literature and History · Reformation and Early Modern Christianity

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