A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality.
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 23313764 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Carol S Dweck (0000-0001-7741-0073), Ellen L Leggett |
| Year | 1988 |
| Volume | 95 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 256-273 |
| Publication date | 1988-04-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Psychological Review (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0033-295X • E-ISSN: 1939-1471 |
| Publisher | American Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1037/0033-295x.95.2.256 |
| OpenAlex | W2167884222 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 1.547 |
| References cited | 33 |
Past work has documented and described major patterns of adaptive and maladaptive behavior: the mastery-oriented and the helpless patterns. In this article, we present a research-based model that accounts for these patterns in terms of underlying psychological processes. The model specifies how individuals ' implicit theories orient them toward particular goals and how these goals set up the different patterns. Indeed, we show how each feature (cognitive, affective, and behavioral) of the adaptive and maladaptive patterns can be seen to follow directly from different goals. We then exam-ine the generality of the model and use it to illuminate phenomena in a wide variety of domains. Finally, we place the model in its broadest context and examine its implications for our understand-ing of motivational and personality processes. The task for investigators of motivation and personality is to identify major patterns of behavior and link them to underlying psychological processes. In this article we (a) describe a re-search-based model that accounts for major patterns of behav-ior, (b) examine the generality of this model—its utility for un-derstanding domains beyond the ones in which it was originally
Cognition · Cognitive psychology · Personality · Social cognition · Academic and Historical Perspectives in Psychology · Cognitive and psychological constructs research · Psychological Testing and Assessment · Psychology · Social Psychology
Genetics of Personality
The Examined Run
Handbook of Motivation at School
Identity, Motivation and Autonomy in Language Learning
Male, female
Observable Signals of Motivation in Teaching-learning Process
Unraveling the Motivational Factors Contributing to Low Achievement in General Science among Elementary School Students
Understanding and Mitigating Academic Burnout and Learned Helplessness Among Vocational College Students in China
Factors influencing career adaptation
The Effect of a Computerized Growth-Mindset Intervention on Teaching Students’ Mindset and Cognitive Stress Appraisal
Journaling about progress and errors
How do students' beliefs about mathematics ability change in their first year at university
Including social goals in achievement motivation research
Mentalidad de Crecimiento y Cognición Docente en la formación profesional
Peer- and Coach-Created Motivational Climates in Youth Sport
Using a Socio-Ecological Framework to Understand Romantic Relationship Satisfaction Among Emerging Adults During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Exploring achievement goals tendencies in students
Evaluation of a multicomponent positive psychology program to prevent gaming disorder and enhance mental wellness in primary pupils
Motivational dynamics and training experiences among female Brazilian jiu-jitsu practitioners
Parenting variables associated with growth mindset
Creative mindsets
Influence of Volitional Competencies on Achievement Goals of People with Physical Disability in Physical Activity Settings
Attribution linking creative self-efficacy and resilience in a STEAM competition context
Ciljevi postignuća
Classroom Quality in Final Grades of Lower Secondary Education
Predicting Chemistry Achievement through Task Value, Goal Orientations, and Self-Efficacy
The school of hard knocks
Goal orientations and motivational climate by sex and age in physical education
As metas académicas como operacionalização da motivação do aluno
Exploring the impact of growth mindset on psychological symptoms in students from ethnic regions of China
A Developmental System Perspective to Interpret the Link between Parental Fixed Mindset and Youth Mental Health
Associations between Profiles of Self-Esteem and Achievement Goals and the Protection of Self-Worth in University Students
Dynamic Interactive Model of Sport Motivation
Distinguished Scholar Invited Essay
How We Think About People
Motivational Orientations and Cognitive Abilities
The Importance of Goal Disengagement in Adaptive Self-Regulation
Implicit Self-Theories in the Academic Domain
Coping with Identity Conflict
Emotion theories and adolescent well-being
Promoting intergroup contact by changing beliefs
Do emotional control beliefs lead people to approach positive or negative situations? Two competing effects of control beliefs on emotional situation selection
Beliefs of Intelligence, Knowledge Acquisition, and Motivational Orientation
The narrative reconstruction of psychotherapy
A meta-analysis of induced achievement goals
Against the odds
Lay Theories and Intergroup Relations
Implicit theories of relationships
Learning goals mitigate identity threat for Black individuals in threatening interracial interactions
Cultural differences and similarities in beliefs, practices, and neural mechanisms of emotion regulation
Supporting positive development in early adolescence
Static Versus Dynamic Theories and the Perception of Groups
Implicit Theories of Relationships
Motivational and Cognitive Predictors of Text Comprehension and Reading Amount
Motivation to learn about current events
Dynamics of Situation Definition
Self-Efficacy for Reading and Writing
Gender Differences in Motivational Style
The Development of Children Ages 6 to 14
College Student Cheating
Mindsets, contexts, and college enrollment
Implicit Theories and Their Role in Judgments and Reactions
Implicit Theories
Unraveling the Paradoxes of Narcissism
Growth mindsets
Preschoolers’ Beliefs About the Stability of Antisocial Behavior
Children's Accounts of Sibling Jealousy and Their Implicit Theories about Relationships
Concepções pessoais de inteligência
To learn, or to be the best?”
Desenvolvimento do auto-conceito físico nas crianças e nos adolescentes
Unpacking the Association Between Growth Mindset, L2 Grit, Conscientiousness, and Foreign Language Performance in a Chinese EFL Context
Learn from others or put them down? The double-edged effect of upward social comparison in the workplace
Changes in Achievement Goal Orientations, Perceived Academic Competence, and Grades across the Transition to Middle-Level Schools
Engagement in Academic Work
The interactive effects of gender and implicit theories of abilities on mathematics and science achievements
Thriving Under Uncertainty
Motivational Goal Orientations of Intellectually Gifted Achieving and Underachieving Students in the United Arab Emirates
Effects of Goal Orientation, Error Orientation and Self-Efficacy on Performance in an Uncertain Situation
The Differential Effects of the Learning Environment on Student Achievement Motivation
Personal Conceptions of Intelligence
Children's essentialist beliefs about aggression
(De)motivating Zero‐Performing Students With Negative Feedback
Implicit Beliefs About Change
Antecedents of knowledge sharing – Examining the influence of learning and performance orientation
Motivation through goal setting
Implicit Theories of Marital Relationships
What Drives Metacognitive‐Identity Profiles for Primary School Teachers? A Latent Profile Analysis and Predictor Roles of Growth Mindset and Demographics
Profiles of Perfectionism and Their Relations to Task Disengagement, Test Anxiety, and Depression in South Korean High School Students
The role of growth mindset in shaping teachers' intercultural competencies
Achievement goals, academic engagement and performance
Análise factorial confirmatória do Teosqp
The animal in you
Where There Is a Will, Is There a Way? Effects of Lay Theories of Self-Control on Setting and Keeping Resolutions
The Role of Optimum Stimulation Level in Exploratory Consumer Behavior
Got to Get You into My Life
Tell Me What I Did Wrong
Causality Orientations and the Disappearance of the Self-Serving Bias
A taxonomy of situations from Chinese idioms
Capturing the Dynamic Nature of Personality
Change over Time in Learners’ Mindsets about Learning a Foreign Language
Mind
Achievement motivation and attribution theory.
The Q-sort method in personality assessment and psychiatric research.
The Belief in a Just World
The Development of the Concepts of Effort and Ability, Perception of Academic Attainment, and the Understanding That Difficult Tasks Require More Ability
Depressive attributional style.
On predicting some of the people some of the time
The Development of Self-Understanding from Infancy Through Adolescence
Achievement motivation
The act frequency approach to personality.
Beyond déjà vu in the search for cross-situational consistency.
The Empirical Exploration of Intrinsic Motivational Processes
Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.
Learned helplessness in humans
Personality, Cognition and Social Interaction
Gender schema theory
Predicting more of the people more of the time
Self‐knowledge
Inferences of ability and effort
Sex differences in learned helplessness
Determinants of academic achievement
Observational goals and schema activation
An analysis of learned helplessness
Sentencing goals, causal attributions, ideology, and personality
Self-schemata and processing information about the self
Learned helplessness and reinforcement responsibility in children
People's conceptions of intelligence
The Type A coronary-prone behavior pattern and reactions to uncontrollable stress
The role of expectations and attributions in the alleviation of learned helplessness
Learned helplessness in social situations
Poor performance following unsolvable problems
Test anxiety and direction of attention
Some correlates of test anxiety
| Unique citing works | 1.547 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 40,71 |
| Citation span | 1988 - 2026 (39) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 1.253 |