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Measuring Inequality

Using the Geometric Mean/Arithmetic Mean Ratio

Bibliographic Data

ID2331464
AuthorsG Jasso (0000-0002-7416-2358, University of Michigan, corresponding author)
Year1982
Volume10
Issue3
Pages303-326
Publication date1982-02-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueSociological Methods & Research (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0049-1241 • E-ISSN: 1552-8294
PublisherSAGE Publications Inc (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1177/0049124182010003004
OpenAlexW1979547427
LanguageEN
Citations received19
References cited11

Since unambiguous ranking of income distributions according to their degree of inequality is not always possible, choice of inequality measure must rest on the appropriateness of particular measures for particular substantive problems. This article provides a complete account of one measure of inequality, δ, defined, for x > 0, as the ratio of the geometric mean to the arithmetic mean-a measure that is closely linked to the sense of distributive justice. Its properties are summarized, and formulas reported for the effects of transfers and of location changes. Analytic expressions for δ for three classical probability distributions-the Pareto, Lognormal, and Rectangular families-are provided, and δ's behavior in within-family comparisons discussed. The measure δ's behavior in between-family comparisons is explored using a new procedure for bounding the zones of ambiguity in inequality comparisons. Finally, a newly obtained decomposition formula for δ is reported

Ambiguity · Bounding overwatch · Distributive property · Econometrics · Inequality · Mathematical analysis · Mathematical economics · Measure (data warehouse) · Probability measure · Pure mathematics · Ranking (information retrieval) · Statistics · Computer Science · Economic Theory and Institutions · Income, Poverty, and Inequality · Mathematics · Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction

  • Justice, Inequality, and the Joy of Discovery

    Open Access•Cristóbal Moya, J Adriaans•Social Justice Research•2026

  • Comparison Theory

    G Jasso•Handbook of Sociological Theory…•2006

  • Poverty, redistribution, and the middle class

    Open Access•G Jasso•Frontiers in Sociology•2024

  • Aging as intracohort differentiation

    Open Access•Dale Dannefer•Sociological Forum•1987

  • How probability distributions felled the case for the beneficial effects of income inequality

    Open Access•G Jasso•Social Science Research•2025

  • New results linking inequality and justice

    G Jasso•Journal of Mathematical Sociology•2020

  • What can you and I do to reduce income inequality

    G Jasso•Journal of Mathematical Sociology•2018

  • Cloister and society

    G Jasso•Journal of Mathematical Sociology•1991

  • A new representation of the just term in distributive‐justice theory

    G Jasso•Journal of Mathematical Sociology•1986

  • Using abell's narrative method to build a theory

    G Jasso•Journal of Mathematical Sociology•1993

  • Popular Assessments of Earnings in Various Occupations

    Zbigniew Karpiński•International Journal of Sociology•2012

  • Comparisons Between Poorest and Richest to Measure Inequality

    Open Access•Youri Davydov, Francesca Greselin•Sociological Methods & Research•2020

  • Two Types of Inequality

    Open Access•G Jasso, Samuel Kotz•Sociological Methods & Research•2008

  • Culture and the Sense of Justice

    Open Access•G Jasso•Journal of Cross-Cultural…•2005

  • The Trend in Between-Nation Income Inequality

    Glenn Firebaugh•Annual Review of Sociology•2000

  • Deriving Implications of Comparison Theory for Demographic Phenomena

    Open Access•G Jasso•Sociological Quarterly•1996

  • Entropy Measures of Inequality

    Open Access•Kenneth D Bailey•Sociological Inquiry•1985

  • Theoretical Unification in Justice and Beyond

    Open Access•G Jasso•Social Justice Research•2007

  • Analyzing conflict severity

    Open Access•G Jasso•Social Justice Research•1993

  • On the measurement of inequality

    Open Access•Anthony B Atkinson•Journal of Economic Theory•1970

  • The Measurement of the Inequality of Incomes

    Hugh Dalton•The Economic Journal•1920

  • A Comparison of Measures of Inequality of Income Distribution

    D G Champernowne•The Economic Journal•1974

  • Inequality

    Miriam E David, Miriam David et al.•British Journal of Sociology•1977

  • A New Theory of Distributive Justice

    G Jasso•American Sociological Review•1980

  • Measures of Inequality

    P D Allison•American Sociological Review•1978

  • On the Justice of Earnings

    G Jasso•American Journal of Sociology•1978

Unique citing works19
Citations per year0,46
Citation span1985 - 2026 (42)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 18

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