Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 23315477 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Kimberly A Workowski, Kimberly Workowski (0000-0002-9918-9493), Laura H Bachmann (0000-0003-3178-7224), Philip A Chan (0000-0003-0964-5895), Christine M Johnston, Christina A Muzny (0000-0002-4005-3858), Ina Park (0000-0003-0161-711X), Hilary Reno (0000-0003-4979-5492), Jonathan M Zenilman (0000-0003-0244-6973), Gail Bolan (0009-0007-7216-3094), Gail A Bolan |
| Year | 2021 |
| Volume | 70 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 1-187 |
| Publication date | 2021-07-23 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | MMWR. Surveillance Summaries (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 1546-0738 • E-ISSN: 1545-8636 |
| Publisher | Centers for Disease Control MMWR Office (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.15585/mmwr.rr7004a1 |
| PMID | 34292926 |
| OpenAlex | W3185444663 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 67 |
| References cited | 1.341 |
These guidelines for the treatment of persons who have or are at risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) were updated by CDC after consultation with professionals knowledgeable in the field of STIs who met in Atlanta, Georgia, June 11-14, 2019. The information in this report updates the 2015 guidelines. These guidelines discuss 1) updated recommendations for treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Trichomonas vaginalis; 2) addition of metronidazole to the recommended treatment regimen for pelvic inflammatory disease; 3) alternative treatment options for bacterial vaginosis; 4) management of Mycoplasma genitalium; 5) human papillomavirus vaccine recommendations and counseling messages; 6) expanded risk factors for syphilis testing among pregnant women; 7) one-time testing for hepatitis C infection; 8) evaluation of men who have sex with men after sexual assault; and 9) two-step testing for serologic diagnosis of genital herpes simplex virus. Physicians and other health care providers can use these guidelines to assist in prevention and treatment of STIs.
Antibiotics · Azithromycin · Bacterial vaginosis · Chlamydia · Chlamydia trachomatis · Family medicine · Gonorrhea · Gynecology · Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) · Metronidazole · Mycoplasma genitalium · Neisseria gonorrhoeae · Pelvic inflammatory disease · Sexually transmitted disease · Syphilis · Trichomonas vaginalis · Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health · Immunology · Medicine · Reproductive tract infections research · Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment
Changes in health care coverage and sexually transmitted infection testing following expansion of health care coverage options among people with diagnosed HIV – Medical Monitoring Project, Virginia, 2015–2022
Provider Trust as a Catalyst for Adolescent HIV and Syphilis Testing
Knowledge and prevalence of common sexually transmitted infections among patients seeking care at selected health facilities in Southern Ghana
Missed opportunities for screening congenital syphilis early during pregnancy
Patterns of Sexually Transmitted Co-infections and Associated Factors Among Men Who Have Sex With Men
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Examining the prevalence of reproductive tract infections (RTIs) and their correlation with knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP)
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Epidemiological characteristics and socioeconomic factors of sexually transmitted infections in China during 2002–2021
Advances in laboratory diagnostic methods for cerebrospinal fluid testing for neurosyphilis
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Sexual healthcare and at-home STI test collection
Development and comparison of predictive models for sexually transmitted diseases—Aids, gonorrhea, and syphilis in China, 2011–2021
Prevalence of and risk factors for chlamydia in female outpatients with genital tract infections
Predictors of STD Screening From the Indigenist Stress-Coping Model Among Native Adults With Binge Substance Use
The association between adverse pregnancy outcomes with genital Chlamydia Trachomatis infection among pre-pregnancy couples in Shenzhen, China
Evaluation of Chlamydia trachomatis screening from the perspective of health economics
Prevalence and correlates of active syphilis diagnosed using serological assays and the molecular research-use-only Aptima Treponema pallidum assay among pregnant women in Zambia, 2023
Symptomatic neurosyphilis in HIV-negative patients
Effectiveness of chlamydia Test and Treat strategy in preventing adverse pregnancy outcomes
The cost-effectiveness of syphilis screening in pregnant women
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Taohe Chengqi Decoction ameliorates Apid-related local uterine inflammatory injury through modulation of inflammation, oxidative stress, and JNK/p38 Mapk–NF-κB-related signaling
Gaps in HIV and Hepatitis C Testing Among 3486 HIV-Negative Men Who have Sex with Men in Spain in the Era of Highly Effective Antiviral Therapies
Boosting Hepatitis B Vaccination Rates Among Healthcare Workers in the State of Minnesota
Changes in Sexual Behaviors with Opposite-Sex Partners and Sexually Transmitted Infection Outcomes Among Females and Males Ages 15–44 Years in the USA
Frequency and Combination of Sequential Sexual Acts That May Lead to Sexually Transmitted Infections at Different Anatomic Sites Within the Same Person
Low uptake of HIV self-testing among Black men who have sex with men living in a Southern U.S. city (Nashville, Tennessee)
Key mental health differences in conflict-related sexual violence and how sex, severity, and early intervention impact on improvement
I Don't Even Understand How They Function
The Impact of Stigma on U.S. Health Care Provider Perceptions, Treatment, and Care of People who May Be Exposed To or Living with HIV
HIV Screening Among Young Black Men Who Have Sex with Women in New Orleans, LA
Condomless Anal Sex Between Male Sex Workers and Clients in the Age of Hookup Apps
Contingency Management for Integrated Harm Reduction Among Men Who Have Sex with Men Who Use Methamphetamine in Los Angeles
Longitudinal Changes in, and Factors Associated with, the Frequency of Condomless Sex Among People in Care for HIV Infection, HIV Outpatient Study USA, 2007–2019
Sexually transmitted infections in adolescents in Spain
Queering Cisgender LGB+ Women’s Sexual Health Scripts
Analysis of the trend of notifiable sexually transmitted infections in China between 2006–22
Correlates of HIV and STI Testing in Rural Southern Substance Using-Men who have Sex with Men
Disparities in HIV Testing Among Spanish and English-Speaking Hispanic/Latino Men who have Sex with Men and Social Media Use
Social determinants of contraception use among rural adolescents
Inconsistent Condom Use and Its Associations Among Individuals with Substance Use Disorders
Kushen Gel combined with antifungal drugs for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis
Examining Trends in Substance Use Behaviors Among Women With Primary and Secondary Syphilis
A Renewed Effort to Control and Eliminate Congenital Syphilis in the United States
Minor Consent Laws for Sexually Transmitted Infection and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Services in the United States
Time to Address Inequities in Chlamydia Screening Among Adolescents
Como conseguir a sua Doxi-PEP
Rede nacional de testes moleculares para detecção de Chlamydia trachomatis e Neisseria gonorrhoeae
As recomendações em saúde pública como microagressões
Rates of HIV‐1 Transmission per Coital Act, by Stage of HIV‐1 Infection, in Rakai, Uganda
Efficacy, safety, and effect on sexual behaviour of on-demand pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV in men who have sex with men
Chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis and syphilis
Sexual Activity Without Condoms and Risk of HIV Transmission in Serodifferent Couples When the HIV-Positive Partner Is Using Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy
Barriers and Facilitators to Engagement and Retention in Care among Transgender Women Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Antiretroviral Prophylaxis for HIV Prevention in Heterosexual Men and Women
Human Papillomavirus Vaccination for Adults
Worldwide burden of HIV in transgender women
Male circumcision for HIV prevention in young men in Kisumu, Kenya
Motivations and values associated with combining sex and illicit drugs (‘chemsex’) among gay men in South London
Discrimination in the United States
Condom effectiveness in reducing heterosexual HIV transmission
Preexposure Prophylaxis for HIV Infection Integrated With Municipal- and Community-Based Sexual Health Services
Randomized, Controlled Intervention Trial of Male Circumcision for Reduction of HIV Infection Risk
Antiretroviral Preexposure Prophylaxis for Heterosexual HIV Transmission in Botswana
Sex on demand
No New HIV Infections With Increasing Use of HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis in a Clinical Practice Setting
Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV infection in injecting drug users in Bangkok, Thailand (the Bangkok Tenofovir Study)
Lifetime risk of a diagnosis of HIV infection in the United States
From epidemiological synergy to public health policy and practice
Effects of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for the Prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection on Sexual Risk Behavior in Men Who Have Sex With Men
Transgender people
Risk factors for HIV infection among men who have sex with men
Viral suppression and HIV transmission in serodiscordant male couples
Risk of HIV transmission through condomless sex in serodifferent gay couples with the HIV-positive partner taking suppressive antiretroviral therapy (PARTNER)
Antiretroviral Therapy for the Prevention of HIV-1 Transmission
Pre-exposure prophylaxis to prevent the acquisition of HIV-1 infection (PROUD)
Chemsex and the city
Sexually transmitted infections and risk behaviours in women who have sex with women
Effectiveness and Safety of Tenofovir Gel, an Antiretroviral Microbicide, for the Prevention of HIV Infection in Women
Tenofovir-Based Preexposure Prophylaxis for HIV Infection among African Women
Endocrine Treatment of Gender-Dysphoric/Gender-Incongruent Persons
Efficacy of Risk-Reduction Counseling to Prevent Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Male circumcision for HIV prevention in men in Rakai, Uganda
Use of a Vaginal Ring Containing Dapivirine for HIV-1 Prevention in Women
Estimating per-act HIV transmission risk
Recommendations for HIV Screening of Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men — United States, 2017
Preexposure Chemoprophylaxis for HIV Prevention in Men Who Have Sex with Men
Prevention of HIV-1 Infection with Early Antiretroviral Therapy
Child Sexual Abuse, Links to Later Sexual Exploitation/High-Risk Sexual Behavior, and Prevention/Treatment Programs
HIV, STD, and hepatitis risk behaviors of young men before and after incarceration
Condom use problems during anal sex among men who have sex with men (MSM)
Anal use of the female condom
What Do We Know About Males and Emergency Contraception? A Synthesis of the Literature
HPV vaccination has not increased sexual activity or accelerated sexual debut in a college-aged cohort of men and women
Screen more or screen more often? Using mathematical models to inform syphilis control strategies
State Requirements for Prenatal Syphilis Screening in the United States, 2016
Changes in Sexual Behavior and STI Diagnoses Among MSM Initiating PrEP in a Clinic Setting
Acceptability and Feasibility of Using Established Geosocial and Sexual Networking Mobile Applications to Promote HIV and STD Testing Among Men Who Have Sex with Men
Disclosure of HIV Serostatus and Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Use on Internet Hookup Sites Among Men Who have Sex with Men
Swipe Right
Behavioral Changes Following Uptake of HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in a Clinical Setting
Prevalent Herpes Simplex Virus-2 Increases the Risk of Incident Bacterial Vaginosis in Women from South Africa
Transgender stigma and health
Estimating the Prevalence of HIV and Sexual Behaviors Among the US Transgender Population
Gender Affirmation
Randomised controlled trial of the effect of evidence based information on women’s willingness to participate in cervical cancer screening
Sexual Identity, Partner Gender, and Sexual Health Among Adolescent Girls in the United States
Efficacy of an Adapted HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevention Intervention for Incarcerated Women
Condom Use and the Risk of Recurrent Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, Chronic Pelvic Pain, or Infertility Following an Episode of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Cancer Screening Among Jail Inmates
Barrier contraceptives and sexually transmitted diseases in women
A Randomized Controlled Trial for Reducing Risks for Sexually Transmitted Infections Through Enhanced Patient-Based Partner Notification
Mycoplasma genitalium Among Young Adults in the United States
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Repeat Syphilis Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in California, 2002–2006
Prevalence of Anogenital Warts Among Participants in Private Health Plans in the United States, 2003–2010
Correlates of HIV Infection Among Transfemales, San Francisco, 2010
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Differences in Sexual Risk Behaviors Between College Students with Same-Sex and Opposite-Sex Experience
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The Psychosocial Burden of HPV
| Unique citing works | 67 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 16,75 |
| Citation span | 2022 - 2026 (5) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 54 |