Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Studies of Individual Environmental Concern

The Role of Knowledge, Gender, and Background Variables

Bibliographic Data

ID23317519
AuthorsJoachim Schahn (Department of Psychology at the University of Heidelberg.), Erwin Holzer
Year1990
Volume22
Issue6
Pages767-786
Publication date1990-11-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueEnvironment and Behavior (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0013-9165 • E-ISSN: 1552-390X
PublisherSAGE Publications (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.1177/0013916590226003
OpenAlexW2124161373
LanguageEN
Citations received109
References cited17

The article deals with analyses concerning the interplay of environmentally relevant knowledge, attitudes, and behavior as well as gender differences in environmental concern and the role of "background variables" for the prediction of (self-reported) behavior. In a sample of 167 German adults, the results showed that knowledge and gender moderated the relationship between attitudes and behavior. For a second sample of 105 people active in conservation groups, these moderator effects were not as clear. For both samples, women were more environmentally concerned in those topical areas that refer to household behavior, whereas men knew more about environmental problems. Possible reasons for these effects are discussed. Finally, the role of "background variables" is investigated by means of stepwise regression and discriminant analyses, using self-reported behavior as the central dependent variable. For the purpose of this study, a new measurement instrument was constructed and validated. Compared with other scales, a new aspect is the substantially broader spectrum covered. Moreover, various topical areas of environmental concern (e.g., residential energy conservation, environmentally aware purchasing, recycling of solid wastes, and so forth) can be measured simultaneously with the well-established conceptual variables (knowledge, attitude, behavior).

Business · Moderation · Purchasing · Regression analysis · Sample (material) · Statistics · Variable (mathematics) · Variables · Climate Change Communication and Perception · Environmental Education and Sustainability · Environmental Sustainability in Business · Marketing · Mathematics · Psychology · Social Psychology

  • Factors Affecting the Intention to Implement Pro-environmental Behaviors

    Open Access•Peter Jan D De Vera, Peter Jan de Vera et al.•Journal of Marine and Island…•2023

  • Comportamentos pró-ecológicos em estudantes recém-ingressos na universidade

    Open Access•Fernanda Ribeiro De Araújo, Caio Teissiere Moretti Da Silva et al.•Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente•2022

  • Environmental concern and environmental behaviour among the Norwegian public

    Hilde Hestad Iversen, Hilde Iversen et al.•Journal of Risk Research•2002

  • Planning and Contingent Valuation

    Open Access•Greg Lindsey•Journal of Planning Education and…•1994

  • Assessing Pro-environmental Behaviour in Relation to the Management of Pollution from Private Sewage Systems

    Open Access•Will J Brownlie, Bryan Spears et al.•Human Ecology•2015

  • New Ways of Thinking about Environmentalism

    Open Access•Lynnette C Zelezny, Lynnette Zelezny et al.•Journal of Social Issues•2000

  • Attitudinal and Behavioral Correlates of Voluntary Simplicity Lifestyles

    Open Access•Osamu Iwata•Social Behavior and Personality…•1997

  • Comparison of Self-Reported Recycling Attitudes and Behaviors with Actual Behavior

    Open Access•Kathleen Barker, Lynda Fong et al.•Psychological Reports•1994

  • Factors Affecting the Intention to Implement Pro-environmental Behaviors

    Open Access•Peter Jan D De Vera, Peter Jan de Vera et al.•Journal of Marine and Island…•2024

  • Promoting sustainable consumption

    Open Access•Carmen Tanner, Sybille Wölfing Kast•Psychology and Marketing•2003

  • Does gender make a difference in pro-environmental behavior? The case of the Basque Country University students

    Open Access•M A Vicente-Molina, María-Azucena Vicente-Molina et al.•Journal of Cleaner Production•2018

  • A hierarchical analysis of the green consciousness of the Egyptian consumer

    Open Access•Mohamed M Mostafa•Psychology and Marketing•2007

  • A General Measure of Ecological Behavior 1

    Open Access•Florian G Kaiser•Journal of Applied Social…•1998

  • Green purchasing behaviour

    Open Access•Deepak Jaiswal, Rishi Kant•Journal of Retailing and Consumer…•2018

  • Green Consumption Behavior Antecedents: Environmental Concern, Knowledge, and Beliefs

    Open Access•Anastasios Pagiaslis, Anastasios P Pagiaslis et al.•Psychology and Marketing•2014

  • Impact of culture, behavior and gender on green purchase intention

    Open Access•Naman Sreen, Shankar Purbey et al.•Journal of Retailing and Consumer…•2018

  • Ecological Behavior's Dependency on Different Forms of Knowledge

    Open Access•Florian G Kaiser, Urs Fuhrer•Applied Psychology•2003

  • Environmental knowledge and attitudes and behaviours towards energy consumption

    Open Access•Arminda Do Paço, Tânia Lavrador•Journal of Environmental Management•2017

  • Purchasing behaviour for environmentally sustainable products

    Open Access•Bipul Kumar, Ajay K Manrai et al.•Journal of Retailing and Consumer…•2017

  • Religion Does Matter for Climate Change Attitudes and Behavior

    Open Access•Mark Morrison, Roderick Duncan et al.•PLoS ONE•2015

  • Adolescents’ attitudes towards nature and environment

    Open Access•F X Bogner, Michael Wiseman•The Environmentalist•2006

  • Factors Influencing Environmental Attitudes and Behaviors

    Open Access•Stewart Barr•Environment and Behavior•2007

  • Ecological Behavior, Environmental Attitude, and Feelings of Responsibility for the Environment

    Florian G Kaiser, Michael Ranney et al.•European Psychologist•1999

  • How does environmental knowledge translate into pro-environmental behaviors?

    Open Access•Pihui Liu, Minmin Teng et al.•The Science of The Total…•2020

  • Understanding the human dimensions of a sustainable energy transition

    Open Access•Linda Steg, Goda Perlaviciute et al.•Frontiers in Psychology•2015

  • A structural model of environmental attitudes and behaviour

    Open Access•Alexander Grob•Journal of Environmental Psychology•1995

  • Reexamining the Theory of Planned Behavior in Understanding Wastepaper Recycling

    Open Access•Shu Fai Cheung, Darius K S Chan et al.•Environment and Behavior•1999

  • Environmental knowledge and other variables affecting pro-environmental behaviour

    Open Access•María Azucena Vicente-Molina, Ana Fernández-Sainz et al.•Journal of Cleaner Production•2013

  • Adolescent Environmental Behaviors

    Open Access•Jana L Meinhold, Amy J Malkus•Environment and Behavior•2005

  • Personal and social factors that influence pro-environmental concern and behaviour: A review

    Open Access•Robert Gifford, Andréas Nilsson•International Journal of Psychology•2014

  • Exploring the Subtle Relationships between Environmental Concern and Ecologically Conscious Consumer Behavior

    Open Access•James A Roberts, Donald R Bacon•Journal of Business Research•1997

  • Determinants of Chinese consumers' green purchase behavior

    Open Access•Ricky Y K Chan•Psychology and Marketing•2001

  • Environmental Concern

    Open Access•NIKLAS FRANSSON, Tommy Gärling•Journal of Environmental Psychology•1999

  • Value Orientations, Gender, and Environmental Concern

    Open Access•Paul C Stern, Thomas Dietz et al.•Environment and Behavior•1993

  • Psychological Restoration in Nature as a Positive Motivation for Ecological Behavior

    Open Access•Terry Hartig, Florian G Kaiser et al.•Environment and Behavior•2001

  • Emotional Affinity toward Nature as a Motivational Basis to Protect Nature

    Open Access•Elisabeth Kals, Daniel Schumacher et al.•Environment and Behavior•1999

  • Can socio-demographics still play a role in profiling green consumers? A review of the evidence and an empirical investigation

    Open Access•Adamantios Diamantopoulos, Bodo B Schlegelmilch et al.•Journal of Business Research•2003

  • Environmental knowledge and conservation behavior

    Open Access•Jacqueline Frick, Florian G Kaiser et al.•Personality and Individual…•2004

  • Gender differences in Egyptian consumers’ green purchase behaviour

    Open Access•Mohamed M Mostafa•International Journal of Consumer…•2007

  • The connectedness to nature scale

    Open Access•Jeffrey Perrin, Jeffrey L Perrin et al.•Journal of Environmental Psychology•2009

  • Gender and Environmental Risk Concerns

    Open Access•D J Davidson, Wiluam R Freudenburg•Environment and Behavior•1996

  • A comparison of the environmental attitudes, concern, and behaviors of native-born and foreign-born U.S. Residents

    Open Access•Lori M Hunter•Population and Environment•2000

  • Ascertaining the Inconsistency of AEC Students’ Perceptions and Behaviors Regarding Sustainability by Mixed Methods

    Open Access•Yuanxin Zhang, Liujun Xu et al.•International Journal of…•2021

  • Some Attitudinal and Literacy Correlates of Proenvironmentalism

    Open Access•Osamu Iwata•Social Behavior and Personality…•1996

  • Who Knows, Cares and Acts for Sustainability in Times of Uncertainty? Demographic Differences in Perceived Knowledge, Concerns, and Pro‐Environmental Behaviors

    Open Access•Rosa Maria Dangelico, Serena Filippelli et al.•Sustainable Development•2026

  • The Association Between Green HRM Practices and Employees' Eco‐Friendly Behavior

    Open Access•Erdem Baydeniz, Beyza ERER et al.•Business Strategy and the…•2026

  • From Pro‐Environmental Purchasing Behavior to Environmental Citizenship

    Open Access•Norbert Lebrument, Cédrine Zumbo-Lebrument•Business Strategy and the…•2026

  • Motivating factors behind the public’s use of smart recycling systems

    Open Access•Liyuan Liu, Yen Hsu•Humanities and Social Sciences…•2022

  • Developing tourist typology based on environmental concern

    Open Access•Nusrat Batool, Zubair Ahmad Dada et al.•SN Social Sciences•2022

  • Exploring young consumers’ perceptions towards sustainable practices of fashion brands

    Open Access•Lauren Copeland•Fashion Style & Popular Culture•2024

  • Environmental knowledge influencing pro-environmental behavior among university students

    Monita Mago, Mandeep Yadav et al.•International Journal of…•2025

  • Did you interfere with them? examining the environmental responsibility of birdwatchers in China

    Zhiqiang Hou, Chungkeng Peng et al.•Current Issues in Tourism•2025

  • Unlocking Environmental Knowledge for Pro‐Environmental Behavior

    Open Access•Xi-Zhang Shan, Xizhang Shan et al.•International Journal of Tourism…•2025

  • Predictors of pro-environmental behavior

    Mahnaz Mansoor, Tri Indra Wijaksana•Journal of Environmental Planning…•2023

  • Influence of institutional perception factors on household waste separation behaviour

    Shizheng Tan, Wei Li et al.•Journal of Environmental Planning…•2025

  • Inside the black box of responsible consumers

    Open Access•Pietro Lanzini, Antonio Tencati•Business Ethics, the Environment…•2023

  • Buying Green or Being Green

    Alexandra Nutter Smith, Denise Sevick Bortree•Journal of Children and Media•2012

  • Locating Gender in Environmental Sociology

    Open Access•E Huddart Kennedy, Liz Dzialo•Sociology Compass•2015

  • Willingness to pay for the environment

    Uwe Engel, Manuela Pötschke•Innovation The European Journal…•1998

  • Variables that influence the environmental behavior of adults

    Anat Levy, Nir Orion et al.•Environmental Education Research•2016

  • An investigation on value orientations, attitudes and concern towards the environment

    Arzu Rahmanalı Onur, Arzu Onur et al.•Environmental Education Research•2011

  • Assessing impacts of locally designed environmental education projects on students’ environmental attitudes, awareness, and intention to act

    Brenda Gail Bergman•Environmental Education Research•2015

  • Fostering changes in attitude, knowledge and behavior

    Tina Braun, Richard S Cottrell et al.•Environmental Education Research•2017

  • Green movement in a newly industrializing area

    Open Access•Ricky Y K Chan, Ricky Yee‐kwong Chan et al.•Journal of Community & Applied…•1995

  • The Impact of Sustainable Knowledge Level on Religious Identity and Sustainable Behavior

    Open Access•Yakup Durmaz, Ahmet Fidanoğlu•Sustainable Development•2025

  • The Influence of Prior Knowledge and Perceived Impact on the Connection Between Attitudes and Sustainable Behavior

    Open Access•Ilia Gugenishvili, Annika Laine‐Kronberg•Sustainable Development•2025

  • The effects of knowledge of tourist civility and Taoist values on tourist civility intentions based on an extended theory of planned behavior

    Open Access•Helen Wei Zheng, Zheng Wei et al.•Sustainable Development•2024

  • What we buy, what we throw away and how we use our voice. Sustainable household waste management in the UK

    Open Access•Stewart Barr•Sustainable Development•2004

  • Complementarity vs substitutability in waste management behaviors

    Open Access•Alessio D’amato, Susanna Mancinelli et al.•Ecological Economics•2016

  • Determinants of Water Conservation Intention in Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria

    William A Clark, James C Finley•Society & Natural Resources•2007

  • A conceptual framework for understanding and analyzing attitudes towards environmental behaviour

    Stewart Barr, Andrew W Gilg•Geografiska Annaler Series B…•2007

  • Assessing the Relationship between Three Christian Theologies of Creation and Environmental Concern

    Adrian Orchard•Journal of Beliefs and Values•1997

  • The Power of Connection

    Open Access•Zoey Rogers, Elizabeth Bragg•Ecopsychology•2012

  • Development and Validation of the Green Food and Beverage Literacy Scale

    Yao-Fen Wang•Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism…•2015

  • A Qualitative Approach to Measuring Determinants of Wildlife Value Orientations

    Darla Sue DeRuiter•Human Dimensions of Wildlife•2002

  • Are we all environmentalists now? Rhetoric and reality in environmental action

    Open Access•Stewart Barr•Geoforum•2003

  • Risk Perceptions, General Environmental Beliefs, and Willingness to Address Climate Change

    Open Access•Robert E O'Connor, Robert E O’connor et al.•Risk Analysis•1999

  • Pro-environmental behaviours and park visitors

    Open Access•Elizabeth A Halpenny, Elizabeth Halpenny•Journal of Environmental Psychology•2010

  • Religiosity, Economic Status, Environmental Concern, and Perceived Behavioral Effectiveness as Predictors of Buying Environmentally Friendly Products

    Open Access•Şule ÇİÇEK, Ali̇ Ayten•Ilahiyat Studies•2023

  • Children's Perceived Water Futures in the United States Southwest

    Holly Vins, A Wutich et al.•Human Organization•2014

  • A meta-analysis of the effects of school outdoor environmental education interventions on students’ environmental knowledge and attitudes

    Mei Xie, Alessandro Milani et al.•The Journal of Environmental…•2026

  • Examining the Relationship Between Ecological Commitment, Environmental Knowledge, and Farmers’ Nature-Friendly Behavior

    Open Access•Wei Wang, Pomi Shahbaz et al.•SAGE Open•2024

  • Examining the influences of experience, personality and attitude on SCUBA divers' underwater behaviour

    Open Access•Tah Fatt Ong, Ghazali Musa•Tourism Management•2012

  • Resident pro-environmental behaviour and spill-over effects on the sustainable development of nature-based tourism destinations

    Seokho Han, Myung Ja Kim et al.•Tourism Recreation Research•2025

  • Regional differences in the sociodemographic determinants of environmental concern

    Open Access•Gregory A Guagnano, Nancy Markee et al.•Population and Environment•1995

  • The moderating effect of threat on the relationship between population concern and environmental concern

    Open Access•Mark L Harvey, Paul A Bell•Population and Environment•1995

  • Gender, Feminist Consciousness, and the Environment

    Manjusha Gupte•Women & Politics•2002

  • Eating green. Consumers’ willingness to adopt ecological food consumption behaviors

    Open Access•Christina Tobler, Vivianne H M Visschers et al.•Appetite•2011

  • How brand familiarity affects green product purchase intention

    Open Access•Shuilong Wu, Zekun Hu et al.•Technology in Society•2024

  • Silver in the Stars and Gold in the Morning Sun’

    Lee-Anne S Milburn, Robert Brown et al.•Landscape Research•2010

  • Risks, Trust, and Sacrifice

    Open Access•Thomas Macías•Social Science Quarterly•2015

  • Strategies for sustainability

    Open Access•Stewart Barr•Area•2003

  • Evaluation of Factors Affecting Emotional Responses in Zoo Visitors and the Impact of Emotion on Conservation Mindedness

    David Powell, David M Powell et al.•Anthrozoös•2014

  • Adolescents' Hopes for Personal, Local, and Global Future

    Open Access•Olena Nikolayenko•Youth & Society•2011

  • I'm worried, but

    Open Access•Elisabetta Mannoni•Swiss Political Science Review•2025

  • Recycling and the Domestic Division of Labour

    Open Access•C Oates, Caroline J Oates et al.•Sociology•2006

  • Gender, Race, and Perceived Environmental Risk

    Kerryn Brent, Brent K•Sociological Spectrum•2004

  • Environmentalism, Feminism, and Gender

    Open Access•D Clayton Smith•Sociological Inquiry•2001

  • Could working less promote environmental concern? A cross-national intercohort analysis

    Open Access•Yan Wang•Social Science Research•2024

  • Who Cares About Environmental Quality in the Mena Region

    Open Access•Ghassan Dibeh, Ali Fakih et al.•Social Indicators Research•2021

  • Environmental Concern

    Open Access•Russell H Weigel, Russell Weigel et al.•Environment and Behavior•1978

  • Environmental Concern

    Open Access•Kent D Van Liere, Riley E Dunlap•Environment and Behavior•1981

  • Analysis and Synthesis of Research on Responsible Environmental Behavior

    Jody M Hines, Harold R Hungerford et al.•The Journal of Environmental…•1987

  • Selected Predictors of Responsible Environmental Behavior

    Archibald P Sia, Harold R Hungerford et al.•The Journal of Environmental…•1986

  • Moderator Variables in Prediction

    Open Access•Darlene R Saunders, David R Saunders•Educational and Psychological…•1956

  • The Social Bases of Environmental Concern

    Kent D Van Liere, Riley E Dunlap•Public Opinion Quarterly•1980

  • Sex differences in environmental concern and knowledge

    Open Access•T A Arcury, Susan J Scollay et al.•Sex Roles•1987

  • Psychology's role in the conserving society

    Open Access•Stuart Oskamp•Population and Environment•1983

  • Access to attitude-relevant information in memory as a determinant of attitude-behavior consistency

    Open Access•Carl A Kallgren, Wendy Wood•Journal of Experimental Social…•1986

  • Ecology

    Michael P Maloney, Michael P Ward•American Psychologist•1973

  • Increasing attitude-behavior correspondence by broadening the scope of the behavioral measure

    Russell H Weigel, Lee S Newman•Journal of Personality and Social…•1976

Unique citing works109
Citations per year3,3
Citation span1993 - 2026 (34)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedYes
Citation typesNeutral: 103

Tools

Open DOISci-Hub
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae