Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Ecological models of female social relationships in primates

Similarities, disparities, and some directions for future clarity

Bibliographic Data

ID23319035
AuthorsLynne Isbell, Lynne A Isbell (0000-0002-2285-6411, University of California, Davis), Truman P Young (0000-0002-7326-3894), Truman Young
Year2002
Volume139
Issue2
Pages177-202
Publication date2002-01-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueBehaviour (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0005-7959 • E-ISSN: 1568-539X
PublisherWalter de Gruyter GmbH (PUBLISHER • DE)
DOI10.1163/156853902760102645
OpenAlexW2096556814
LanguageEN
Citations received66
References cited32

Several models have been proposed to explain the variation that exists in female social relationships among diurnal primate species. While there are similarities among them, notably in the ecological cause of agonistic relationships among females within groups, their differences are most useful in testing which of the models most accurately re ects the real world. These include the question of whether competition is an inevitable cost of living in groups and whether female philopatry is a consequence of the costs of dispersal or the bene ts of forming coalitions with female kin. We discuss in detail these similarities and differences, and attempt to integrate the models ’ divergent views into some guidelines for use in testing between models that will lead to the next generation of models.

Aggression · Agonistic behaviour · Biological dispersal · Biology · CLARITY · Competition (biology) · Inclusive fitness · Kin selection · Philopatry · Social relationship · Sociology · Variation (astronomy) · Animal Behavior and Reproduction · Demography · Ecology · Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior · Primate Behavior and Ecology · Psychology · Social Psychology

  • Primate dominance hierarchies

    Open Access•Cesar Rodriguez del Castillo, Denise Spaan et al.•Cahiers du Centre de recherches…•2026

  • Secondary transfer of adult mantled howlers (Alouatta palliata) on Hacienda La Pacifica, Costa Rica

    Open Access•Margaret R Clarke, Kenneth E Glander•Primates•2010

  • Disputes over provisioned resources are no more intense between groups than within groups in free-ranging Sapajus libidinosus

    Open Access•Túlio Costa Lousa, Francisco Dyonísio Cardoso Mendes•Primates•2024

  • Social organization in a one-male group of red-tailed monkeys (Cercopithecus ascanius)

    Open Access•Tae Seike•Primates•2026

  • Inter-individual variation in the diet within a group of Japanese macaques and its relationship with social structure investigated by stable isotope and DNA analyses

    Open Access•Toru Oi, Shin-ichiro Hamasaki et al.•Primates•2021

  • On folivory, competition, and intelligence

    Open Access•Ken Sayers•Primates•2013

  • Proximity and grooming patterns reveal opposite-sex bonding in Rwenzori Angolan colobus monkeys (Colobus angolensis ruwenzorii)

    Open Access•T Jean M Arseneau‐Robar, T Jean M Arseneau-Robar et al.•Primates•2018

  • Social style and resilience of macaques’ networks, a theoretical investigation

    Open Access•Ivan Puga‐Gonzalez, Sebastian Sosa et al.•Primates•2019

  • Activity budget and diet of the two groups of olive baboons (Papio anubis) in Chato Natural forest, western Ethiopia

    Open Access•Alemu Tolera, Tsegaye Gadisa et al.•Primates•2025

  • Variations in within-group inter-individual distances between birth- and non-birth seasons in wild female patas monkeys

    Open Access•Yasuyuki Muroyama•Primates•2017

  • Mothers stick together

    Open Access•Leveda Cheng, Amber Shaw et al.•Primates•2022

  • Mechanisms of network evolution

    Open Access•Christian Sueur, Valéria Romano et al.•Primates•2019

  • Does rank rule? Rank-related grooming patterns in Nicobar long-tailed macaques Macaca fascicularis umbrosus

    Open Access•Partha Sarathi Mishra, Arijit Pal et al.•Primates•2020

  • Food conditions, competitive regime, and female social relationships in Japanese macaques

    Open Access•Goro Hanya, Miki Matsubara et al.•Primates•2008

  • Conflito social e mecanismos para a sua resolução em primatas não-humanos

    Open Access•Susana J Garcia, Susana García•Antropologia Portuguesa•2011

  • Primate Dominance Hierarchies

    Open Access•Keren Klass•Encyclopedia of Evolutionary…•2016

  • Female gorillas compete for food and males

    Open Access•Nikolaos Smit, M M Robbins•Evolution and Human Behavior•2024

  • Intergroup Relationships in Western Black-and-White Colobus, Colobus polykomos polykomos

    Open Access•Amanda H Korstjens, Estelle C Nijssen et al.•International Journal of…•2005

  • Group‐level competition influences urinary steroid hormones among wild red–tailed monkeys, indicating energetic costs

    Open Access•A V Jaeggi, Benjamin C Trumble et al.•American Journal of Primatology•2018

  • Vertical stratification of the nutritional value of fruit

    Open Access•Alain Houle, Nancy L Conklin‐Brittain et al.•American Journal of Primatology•2014

  • Agonistic behavior and dominance relationships in female phayre's leaf monkeys – preliminary results

    Open Access•Andreas Koenig, Eileen Larney et al.•American Journal of Primatology•2004

  • Ecological and social determinants of association and proximity patterns in the fission–fusion society of spider monkeys ( Ateles geoffroyi )

    Open Access•Adriana R Aguilar‐Melo, Sophie Calmé et al.•American Journal of Primatology•2020

  • Female social relationships in a captive group of Campbell's monkeys ( Cercopithecus campbelli campbelli )

    Open Access•Alban Lemasson, Catherine Blois‐Heulin et al.•American Journal of Primatology•2006

  • Maternal and offspring behavior in free‐ranging Japanese and moor macaques

    Open Access•Alba Castellano‐Navarro, Víctor Beltrán Francés et al.•American Journal of Primatology•2023

  • Genetic evidence for dispersal by both sexes in the Central American Squirrel Monkey, Saimiri oerstedii citrinellus

    Open Access•M Elizabeth Blair, Don J Melnick•American Journal of Primatology•2012

  • Joint intergroup aggression in female colobus monkeys ( Colobus vellerosus ) is associated with grooming bonds, male participation, and group size

    Open Access•Eva C Wikberg, Sofia Gonzalez et al.•American Journal of Primatology•2022

  • Exchange, affiliation, and protective interventions in semifree-ranging brown capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella)

    Open Access•Renata G Ferreira, Patrícia Izar et al.•American Journal of Primatology•2006

  • Scent marking as resource defense by female Lemur catta

    Open Access•Anne S Mertl‐millhollen•American Journal of Primatology•2006

  • Social behavior, foraging strategies, and fecal glucocorticoids in female blue monkeys ( Cercopithecus mitis )

    Open Access•Steffen Foerster, M Cords et al.•American Journal of Primatology•2011

  • Play behavior in immature moor macaques ( Macaca maura ) and Japanese macaques ( Macaca fuscata )

    Open Access•Víctor Beltrán Francés, Alba Castellano‐Navarro et al.•American Journal of Primatology•2020

  • Flexible and conservative features of social systems in tufted capuchin monkeys

    Open Access•Patrícia Izar, Michele P Verderane et al.•American Journal of Primatology•2012

  • Despotic wild patas monkeys ( Erythrocebus patas ) in Kala Maloue, Cameroon

    Open Access•Naofumi Nakagawa•American Journal of Primatology•2008

  • Social structure and life‐history patterns in western gorillas ( Gorilla gorilla gorilla )

    Open Access•M M Robbins, Magdelena Bermejo et al.•American Journal of Primatology•2004

  • Feeding behavior and aggression in wild Siberut macaques ( Macaca siberu ) living under low predation risk

    Open Access•Christin Richter, Pierre Gras et al.•American Journal of Primatology•2015

  • Agonism and dominance in female blue monkeys

    Open Access•Keren Klass, M Cords•American Journal of Primatology•2015

  • Microsatellite DNA Suggests that Group Size Affects Sex‐Biased Dispersal Patterns in Red Colobus Monkeys

    Open Access•MICHAEL M MIYAMOTO, Julie Allen et al.•American Journal of Primatology•2013

  • The Influence of Provisioning on the Intergroup Relationships of Rhesus Macaque in Hainan, China

    Open Access•Cheng‐Feng Wu, Zhi‐Hong Xu et al.•American Journal of Primatology•2025

  • Predicting the frequency of food‐related agonism in white‐faced capuchin monkeys ( Cebus capucinus ), using a novel focal‐tree method

    Open Access•Erin R Vogel, Charles H Janson•American Journal of Primatology•2007

  • Primate socioecology, the lost dream of ecological determinism

    Open Access•B Thierry•Evolutionary Anthropology Issues…•2008

  • Primate group size and interpreting socioecological models

    Open Access•Tamaini V Snaith, Tamaini Snaith et al.•Evolutionary Anthropology Issues…•2007

  • Gorilla society

    Open Access•Alexander H Harcourt, Kelly J Stewart•Evolutionary Anthropology Issues…•2007

  • The lost dream of ecological determinism

    Open Access•Andreas Koenig, Carola Borries•Evolutionary Anthropology Issues…•2009

  • Rates of Agonism by Diurnal Lemuroids

    Open Access•Elizabeth M Erhart, Deborah J Overdorff•International Journal of…•2008

  • Effects of Food Type and Number of Feeding Sites in a Tree on Aggression During Feeding in Wild Macaca fuscata

    Open Access•Goro Hanya•International Journal of…•2009

  • Greeting Behaviors in Male Alouatta palliata at La Pacifica, Costa Rica

    Open Access•Lisa C Corewyn•International Journal of…•2019

  • Determinants of Reproductive Performance Among Female Gray-Cheeked Mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena) in Kibale National Park, Uganda

    Open Access•Malgorzata E Arlet, Lynne A Isbell et al.•International Journal of…•2015

  • Predicting the Competitive Regime of Female Colobus vellerosus from the Distribution of Food Resources

    Open Access•Tania L Saj, Pascale Sicotte•International Journal of…•2007

  • The Influence of Kinship on Familiar Natal Migrant Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta)

    Open Access•Monika Albers, Anja Widdig•International Journal of…•2013

  • Primate Socioecology

    Open Access•Marcy Ekanayake‐weber, Marcy Ekanayake-Weber•International Journal of…•2026

  • An Approaching Motor Boat Induces Stress-Related Behaviors in Proboscis Monkeys (Nasalis larvatus) Living in a Riparian Area

    Open Access•Marina Davila‐Ro, Helen Pople et al.•International Journal of…•2022

  • Feeding Competition and Agonistic Relationships Among Bwindi Gorilla beringei

    Open Access•M M Robbins•International Journal of…•2008

  • Growth and Investment in Hominin Life History Evolution

    Open Access•P C Lee•International Journal of…•2012

  • Male Sexual Coercion During Mating and Infanticide Risk Increase Self-directed Behaviors in Female Black-and-White Colobus (Colobus vellerosus)

    Open Access•Iulia Bădescu, Charlotte St-Onge et al.•International Journal of…•2026

  • After the smoke has cleared

    Open Access•Alison M Ashbury, Jade Meric de Bellefon et al.•International Journal of…•2022

  • Intratree Variation in Fruit Production and Implications for Primate Foraging

    Open Access•Alain Houle, Colin A Chapman et al.•International Journal of…•2007

  • Sexual Differences in Chimpanzee Sociality

    Open Access•Julia Lehmann, Christophe Boesch•International Journal of…•2008

  • Microhabitat Variation and Its Effects on Dietary Composition and Intragroup Feeding Interactions Between Adult Female Lemur catta During the Dry Season at Beza Mahafaly Special Reserve, Southwestern Madagascar

    Open Access•Andrea Gemmill, Lisa Gould•International Journal of…•2008

  • Density-dependent Contraction of Dietary Breadth in Mantled Howler Monkeys (Alouatta palliata)

    Open Access•Ariadna Rangel‐negrín, Ariadna Rangel-Negrín et al.•International Journal of…•2026

  • Evaluating Dominance Styles in Assamese and Rhesus Macaques

    Open Access•Matthew A Cooper, Irwin S Bernstein•International Journal of…•2008

  • Controversy over the application of current socioecological models to folivorous primates

    Open Access•Tania L Saj, Sarah Marteinson et al.•American Journal of Physical…•2007

  • Darwin's monkey

    Open Access•Shirley C Strum•American Journal of Physical…•2012

  • Stable and fluctuating social preferences and implications for cooperation among female bonobos at L ui K otale, S alonga N ational P ark, DRC

    Open Access•Liza R Moscovice, Pamela Heidi Douglas et al.•American Journal of Physical…•2017

  • Predictors of insubordinate aggression among captive female rhesus macaques

    Open Access•Shannon K Seil, Darcy L Hannibal et al.•American Journal of Physical…•2017

  • Human–wildlife conflict

    Open Access•Brianne A Beisner, Allison Heagerty et al.•American Journal of Physical…•2015

  • Fission-Fusion Dynamics

    Filippo Aureli, Colleen M Schaffner et al.•Current Anthropology•2008

  • Primate socioecology at the crossroads

    Open Access•Tim Clutton‐brock, Charles H Janson et al.•Evolutionary Anthropology Issues…•2012

  • Evolution of social organization

    Open Access•Anthony Di Fiore, D Rendall•Proceedings of the National…•1994

  • The Role of Food-Processing Factors in Primate Food Choice

    Katharine Milton•Adaptations for Foraging in…•1984

  • The Relationship of Size of Feeding Aggregate to Size of Food Patch

    Open Access•Mark Leighton, Donna R Leighton•Biotropica•1982

  • Why Are Diurnal Primates Living in Groups?

    C P Van Schaik•Behaviour•1983

  • Baboons, Space, Time, and Energy

    Stuart A Altmann•American Zoologist•1974

  • Recognizing the Many Faces of Primate Food Competition

    C P Van Schaik, Charles H Janson•Behaviour•1988

  • When females should contest for food - testing hypotheses about resource density, distribution, size, and quality with Hanuman langurs ( Presbytis entellus )

    Open Access•Andreas Koenig, Jan Beise et al.•Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology•1998

  • An Ecological Model of Female-Bonded Primate Groups

    R W Wrangham•Behaviour•1980

  • Differential Costs of Locational and Social Dispersal and Their Consequences for Female Group-Living Primates

    Lynne A Isbell, Dirk Van Vuren•Behaviour•1996

  • Competitive regimes and female bonding in two species of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri oerstedi and S. sciureus)

    Open Access•C L Mitchell, Sue Boinski et al.•Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology•1991

  • Determinants of group size in the red colobus monkey ( Procolobus badius )

    Open Access•Thomas R Gillespie, Thomas Gillespie et al.•Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology•2001

  • The evolution of female social relationships in nonhuman primates

    Open Access•Elisabeth H M Sterck, David P Watts et al.•Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology•1997

  • The distribution of grooming and related behaviours among adult female vervet monkeys

    Open Access•Noah Snyder‐mackler, Robert M Seyfarth•Animal Behaviour•1980

  • A Review of Predation on Lemurs

    Steven M Goodman, Sheila O’Connor et al.•Lemur Social Systems and Their…•1993

  • Ecological constraints on group size

    Open Access•Colin A Chapman, Lauren J Chapman et al.•Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology•1995

  • The Social Organisation of Antelope in Relation To Their Ecology

    P J Jarman•Behaviour•1974

  • The genetical evolution of social behaviour. I

    Open Access•W D Hamilton•Journal of Theoretical Biology•1964

  • Diet for a small primate

    Open Access•Lynne A Isbell•American Journal of Primatology•1998

  • Parental Investment and Sexual Selection

    Robert Trivers, Robert L Trivers•Sexual Selection and the Descent…•2017

  • Primate Social Systems

    Open Access•R I M Dunbar, Robin I M Dunbar et al.•Primate Social Systems•1988

  • Diet and dominance among female vervet monkeys ( Cercopithecus aethiops )

    Open Access•Patricia L Whitten•American Journal of Primatology•1983

  • Sudden short‐term increase in mortality of vervet monkeys ( Cercopithecus aethiops ) due to leopard predation in Amboseli National Park, Kenya

    Open Access•Lynne A Isbell•American Journal of Primatology•1990

  • The social organizations of squirrel monkeys

    Open Access•Sue Boinski•Evolutionary Anthropology Issues…•1999

  • Primate socio-ecology

    Open Access•Charles H Janson•Evolutionary Anthropology Issues…•2000

  • Predation on primates

    Open Access•Lynne A Isbell•Evolutionary Anthropology Issues…•1994

  • Reciprocity and partner preference in grooming of female blue monkeys

    Open Access•T E Rowell, C Wilson et al.•International Journal of…•1991

  • Social Organization and Range Use in the Yunnan Snub-Nosed Monkey Rhinopithecus bieti

    Open Access•R Craig Kirkpatrick, Yongcheng Long et al.•International Journal of…•1998

  • Origins, Diversity and Relationships of Lemurs

    Open Access•Robert D Martin•International Journal of…•2000

  • Differences Between Vervets (Cercopithecus aethiops) and Patas Monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) in Agonistic Interactions Between Adult Females

    Open Access•Lynne A Isbell, Jill D Pruetz•International Journal of…•1998

  • Rank Differences in Ecological Behavior

    Open Access•Lynne A Isbell, Jill D Pruetz et al.•International Journal of…•1999

  • Myth of the typical primate

    Open Access•Karen B Strier•American Journal of Physical…•1994

  • Digestion of selected foods by Yunnan snub-nosed monkeyRhinopithecus bieti (Colobinae)

    Open Access•R Craig Kirkpatrick, R J Zou et al.•American Journal of Physical…•2001

Unique citing works66
Citations per year3
Citation span2004 - 2026 (23)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 51

Tools

Open DOISci-Hub
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae