Whites See Racism as a Zero-Sum Game That They Are Now Losing
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 23319962 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Michael I Norton (Harvard Business School, Boston, MA,, corresponding author), Samuel R Sommer (0000-0003-2981-5396, Tufts University), Samuel R Sommers (Tufts University) |
| Year | 2011 |
| Volume | 6 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 215-218 |
| Publication date | 2011-05-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Perspectives on Psychological Science (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 1745-6916 • E-ISSN: 1745-6924 |
| Publisher | SAGE Publications (PUBLISHER • US) |
| DOI | 10.1177/1745691611406922 |
| PMID | 26168512 |
| OpenAlex | W2145065133 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 343 |
| References cited | 19 |
Although some have heralded recent political and cultural developments as signaling the arrival of a postracial era in America, several legal and social controversies regarding “reverse racism” highlight Whites’ increasing concern about anti-White bias. We show that this emerging belief reflects Whites’ view of racism as a zero-sum game, such that decreases in perceived bias against Blacks over the past six decades are associated with increases in perceived bias against Whites—a relationship not observed in Blacks’ perceptions. Moreover, these changes in Whites’ conceptions of racism are extreme enough that Whites have now come to view anti-White bias as a bigger societal problem than anti-Black bias.
Implicit bias · Perception · Political science · Politics · Prejudice (legal term) · Racial bias · Racism · Sociology · White (mutation) · Zero (linguistics) · Cultural Differences and Values · Gender Studies · Psychology · Racial and Ethnic Identity Research · Social and Intergroup Psychology · Social Psychology
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| Unique citing works | 343 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 22,87 |
| Citation span | 2011 - 2026 (16) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 317 |